Other Paediatric Neurology

Question 1

How long until the posterior and anterior fontanelles close

Answer 1

Anterior - 1-2 years

Posterior- 2-3 months

Question 2

Define microcephaly

Answer 2

OFC <2SD (mild)

OFC <3SD (moderate/ severe)

Question 3

Causes of microcephaly

Answer 3

Antental,
Postnatal,
Genetic ,
Environment

Question 4

Define macrocephaly

Answer 4

OFC >2SD

Question 5

Questions to ask for cause of macrocephaly

Answer 5

Sutures?
Fontanelles?
Familial?
Hydrocephalus?
Large brain? 
Development normal?
Other physical abnormalities- facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, bony deformities

Question 6

Define plagiocephaly

And presentation

Answer 6

Flat head

Ispilateral frontal bossing,
Ipsilateral ear displaced anteriorly,
Ipsilateral occiptoparietal flattening,
Contralateral occipital bossing

Question 7

Brachycephaly

Answer 7

Short head or flat at back

Question 8

define scaphocephaly

Answer 8

Boat shaped skull

Question 9

When to suspect a NM disorder

Answer 9

Baby “floppy”
Slips from hands, 
Paucity of limb movements, 
Alert but less motor activity, 
Delayed motor milestones, 
Able to walk but often falls,
Hangs like rag doll when lifted from abdomen 
Unable to sit up or hold up head

Question 10

Anatomical approach to NMJ conditions

Answer 10

Muscle- muscular dystrophies, myopathies- congenital and inflammatory, myotonic syndromes

NMJ- myasthenic syndromes

Nerve- hereditary or acquired neuropathies

Anterior horn cell- Spinal muscular atrophy