Intro Flashcards
What is a child
Below 18
Paediatrics <16
Learning Difficulties <25
Rarely 20-30 in RACH
Why cant you use absolute BMI in paediatrics
Different BMI different health at different ages
Eg BMI 17 Normal at 3, 6-16 Overweight at 3-6 Underweight at 17
Why can children get cold, dehydrated and hypoglycaemic easier than adults
Surface area: volume
% water content
Metabolic reserves
Different to adults
Who is ketotic hypoglycaemia common in?
Skinny 1-2 year olds
Often wake at 6-7 am with hypoglycaemic episode
Not a condition in adults
What is the difference between adults and children in pulse and BP
In adults they have a gradual increase in HR and decrease in BP
In children there BP is maintained high until they collpase suddenly
HR is increasing to maintain BP
How immunity develops
Initially passive immunity through mother
They die out
And is then increased through exposure
Chickenpox is ultimate test of child immunity
What to look at in development
Unable to walk
Unable to speak
Doubly incontinent
Free GOR
Phases of psychological devleopment
Terrible twos Latent phase (6-11 repress all interest in sexuality and develops social and intellectual skills) Adolescence
Give some examples of conditions not seen in adults
Abdominal migraine Bronchiolitis Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Croup Glue ear Intraventricular haemorrhage Viral induced wheeze Toddler’s diarrhoea Sudden unexplained death of infants
Chronic conditions with childhood onset
Asthma Autism Cerebral palsy CF Gastroschisis Hirschsprungs disease Spina bifida
Reasons for reduced mortality in children
Obstetric care Better housing Better nutrition Immunisations ?antibiotics? ?NHS?
Examples of most common acute admissions to RACH
Acute LRTI Asthma Bronchoilitis Croup Febrile convulsion Fever Gastroenteritis URTI Vomiting Wheeze
How much should a baby weigh
100-200g/ week in first 6 months
20-30g/day
Key things to ask about in paediatric history different from normal history
Birth history Immunisations Development -walking -words -support Ask about school and nursery Parent SH
