Growth Development And Health Flashcards
Different phases of childhood
Neonate <4 week Infant <12m Toddler 1-2y Pre-school 2-5 School age Teenager/adolescent
What are the main childhood objectives
To grow To develop and achieve their potential To attain optimal health To develop independence To be safe To be cared for To be involved
How does development in the brain happen?
Cell growth, Migration, Connection, Pruning Myelination
What are the key developmental fields
Gross motor Fine motor Social and self help Speech and language Hearing and vision
Age limit for milestones
Variation is normal
Refer if not achieved by limit age (2 SDs from mean)
Correct for prematurity until 2y
Why is development important
Learning functional skills for later life
Hone skills in a safe environment
Allow our brain’s genetic potential to be fully realised
Equip us with tools needed to function as older children and adults
Many are completely automatic
Influencing factors on development
Genetics Environment Positive early childhood experience Developing brain vunerable to insults -antenatal (infections, toxins) -post natal (infection, toxins, trauma, malnutrition, metabolic (hypoglycaemia, hyper + hyponatraemia), maternal mental health issues) -abuse and neglect
Why is developmental assessed?
Reassurance and showing progress
Early diagnosis and intervention
Discuss positive stimulation/parenting strategies
Provision of information
Improving outcomes (pre-school years critical)
Genetic counselling
Coexistent health issues
Name some normal variation
Early developers Late normal Bottom shufflers- walking delay Bilingual families- apparent language delay (total words may be normal) Familial traits
Red flags related to developmental delay
Loss of developmental skills
Parental/ professional concern
Hearing loss
Persistent low muscle tone/ floppiness
No speech by 18 months
asymmetry of movements/ increased muscle tone
Not walking by 18m/ persistent toe walking
OFC >99.6th/ <0.4th/ crossed two centiles/ disproportionate to parental OFC
Clinician uncertain
What are the main components on child health screening
Health promotion
Developmental screening (including hearing)
Immunisation
What is the child health programme
New-born exam and blot spot screening New-born hearing screening (by day 28) Health visitor first visit 6-8ww review (max 12 week) 27-30 month review (max 32m) Orthoptist vision screening (4-5y)
What is tested for in the new-borne blood spot screening
PKU Congenital hypothyroidism CF MCADD (medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) Sickle cell disorder Maple syrup urine disease Isovaleric acidaemia Glutaric aciduria type 1 Homocystinuria
What is checked in 6-8 week review (by GP or HV)
Identification data (Name, address, GP)
Feeding (breast/ bottle/ both)
Parental concerns (appearance, hearing; eyes, sleeping, movement, illness, crying, weight)
Development (gross motor, hearing + communication, vision + social awareness)
Measurements (Weight, Occipital Frontalis Circumference, Length)
Examination (heart, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses and eyes (red reflex))
Sleeping position (supine, prone, side)
27-30m review done by HV
Identification data (name, address, GP) Development Social, behavioural, attention and emotional Communication, speech and language Gross and fine motor Vision, hearing Physical measurements (height and weight) Diagnoses / other issues
