Children With Special Needs Flashcards
Define developmental delay
Developmental delay is present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional)are significantly delayed compared to the expected age
What is a global developmental delay
A significant delay in 2 or more of the developmental domains listed
Define learning disability
A significant impairment in intellectual functioning and affects the person’s ability to learn and problem-solve in daily life
Where do children with special needs present?
Routine health surveillance Children with identified risk factors Parental concern Professional contact: nursery/ daycare Opportunistic health contact The UK Healthy Child programme (HCP)
Primary care developmental assessment tools
ASQ (ages and stages questionnaire)
PEDS (parents evaluation of developmental status)
M-CHAT (checklist for autism in toddlers)
SOGS-2 (Schedule of growing skills)
Define developmental delay, disorder, regression
Delay- global or isolated
Disorder- Abnormal progression and presentation eg Autism
Regression-loss of milestones
What is Schedule of Growing skills measuring?
Information of child’s development across a range of areas:
0-5year
9 key areas
Separate cognitive score can be derived
Secondary care assessment tools
Griffiths mental development scales
Bayley scales of infant development
Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence
Positive red flag signs for development
Loss of developmental skills Concerns re vision Concerns re hearing Floppiness No speech by 18-24months Asymmetry of movement Persistent toe walking Head circumference >99.6thC or <0.q4thC
Negative development red flag signs
Sit unsupported by 12 months
Walk by 18 months (boys) or 2 years (girls) (CHECK creatinine kinase)
Walk other than on tiptoes
Run by 2.5 years
Hold objects in hand by 5 months
Reach for objects by 6 months
Points to objects to share interest by 2 years
Investigations done in developmental worries
Genetic testing- chromosomal analysis, Fragile X, FISH, array CGH Creatine kinase THyroid screening Metabolic testing: amino and organic acids, NH4, lactate Opthalmological exam, Audiology assessment Consider congenital infection Neuroimaging
Common problems affecting motor development
Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder
Common sensory developmental problems
Deafness
Visual impairment
Multisensory impairment
Common language/ cognitive developmental problems
Specific language impairment
Learning disability
Common social/ communication developmental problems
Autism
Asperger syndrome
Elective mutism
Impression spastic diplegia presentation
Legs are stiff and spastic
Characteristics signs of autism
Doesnt respond to name Reduced eye contact Few words Hand flapping Obsessional behaviour often with numbers, letters Doesnt respond to praise
If austism suspected what would you check to ensure not differentials and what are the differentials
Genetics FBC TFT CK U/E
Microarray
Fragile X
Rhett’s syndrome
Local services for developmental problems
Community paediatric clinic
Child development team
MDT
Therapy services
Why might a child or young person need additional support
Difficulties with mainstream approaches to learning
Disability or health needs, such as motor or sensory impairment, learning difficulties or autistic specturm disorder
Family circumstances eg young people who are carers or parents
What is PLP
Personal Learning Planning
- way of thinking about, talking about and planning what and how a child learns
- Also a way of assessing their progress and acting on results of that assessment
IEP
Individualised Educational Plane
Detailed plan for a child’s learning
Contains specific, short term learning targets for child and will set out how they can be reached
What is a co-ordinated support plan
CSP
Detailed plan of how child’s support will be provided
Legal document
Aims to ensure all professionals who are helping the child work together
For children in local authority school education and needing significant additional support
Complex or multiple needs
Needs likley to continue >1 year
Support required by >1 agency
GIRFEC child’s plan
Part of the Children and Young people Act
Child’s plan will contain info about:
- why a child or young person needs support
- the type of support they need
- How long they will need support and who should provide it
