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Physical Agents > Other Less Common Agents > Flashcards

Other Less Common Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What is iontophoresis?

A

The transcutaneous delivery of ions into the body using low amplitude direct current to insure unidirectional flow of ions

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2
Q

How are the ions created in iontophoresis?

A

dissolving the intended drug/chemical compound

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3
Q

What does the chosen drug/chemical compound depend on?

A

the medical condition

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4
Q

What is the general size of treatment for iontophoresis?

A

relatively small, superificial, and localized

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5
Q

How far can the drug for iontophoresis penetrate?

A

only a few mm

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6
Q

It is said that perhaps iontophoresis is more related to what than repelling of charges?

A

increased permeability

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7
Q

What is the purpose of iontophoresis?

A

alternative to phonophoresis, oral and injection methods of drug delivery

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8
Q

What are the precautions for iontophoresis?

A

cardiac disease, malignant tumors, skin irritation/open wounds, lack of sensation in area to be treated

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for iontophoresis?

A

allergic to the drug/chemical, active bleeding, pacemakere/unstable arrhythmias, over carotid sinus, pregnancy, metallic implants in vicinity, any condition in which e stim is contraindicated

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10
Q

What is the formula for current density for iontophoresis?

A

current density = current amplitude (mA) / surface area of delivery electrode (cm2)

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11
Q

What is the maximum current density for negative delivery electrode for iontophoresis?

A

<= 0.5 mA/cm2

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12
Q

What is the maximum current density for positive delivery electrode for iontophoresis?

A

<= 1.0 mA/cm2

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13
Q

What is the dosage formula for iontophoresis?

A

intensity (mA) x time (min)

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14
Q

What is the typical dosage for iontophoresis?

A

typically 40-80 mA min (begin towards 40 and go up from towards 80 over future sessions)

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15
Q

What is the max current amplitude of most machines?

A

4.0 mA

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16
Q

What is the formula for maximum safe current amplitude?

A

= current density x surface area of electrode

17
Q

What is the key factor limiting current amplitude?

A

patient tolerance

18
Q

What two indicators (whichever comes first) indicate setting of amplitude for iontophoresis?

A

increase until tingling orpain or until safe amplitude is reached

19
Q

What does duration of treatment typically depend on?

A

amplitude and dosage

20
Q

Which electrode should be placed over the target electrode (with medication)?

A

delivery/electrode

21
Q

Which electrode should be placed over remote location?

A

dispersive

22
Q

What is the polarity and indications for acetate for iontophoresis?

A

negative, calcium deposits

23
Q

What is the polarity and indications for dexamethasone for iontophoresis?

A

negative, inflammation

24
Q

What is the polarity and indications for lidocaine for iontophoresis?

A

positive, local anesthetic

25
Q

Name some effects of lasers/lights.

A

promote ATP production by mitchondria (low intensity), inhibit mito metabolism for Tx of chronic pain (high intensity), promote collagen production by fibroblasts, modulate inflammation, inhibit bacteria growth

26
Q

Name some clinical indications for lights/lasers.

A

soft tissue/bone healing, arthritis, lymphedema, neurological conditions, pain management

27
Q

What are the contraindications for light/laser?

A

direct radiation of eyes (wear goggles), malignancy, w/in 4-6 months after radiotherapy, hemorrhage, thyroid or other endocrine glands

28
Q

What are the precautions for light/laser?

A

pregnancy, epiphyseal plates, impaired sensation/mentation, photophobia/light sensitivity, pretreatment with photosensitizer

29
Q

What adverse effects can occur with light/laser?

A

exposure to eyes can cause retinal damage, transient tingling, mild erythema, rash, burning sensation, increased pain/numbness, burns from warm diode

30
Q

Describe fluidotherapy.

A

dry heating agent. finely ground cellulose particle made from corn cobs and circulated via heated air in a machine

31
Q

True/False: light therapy is a thermal effect.

A

FALSE, it is photochemical

Physical Agents (5 decks)

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