E-Stim

Question 1

What is the purpose of e-stim?

Answer 1

elicit or facilitate some desired therapeutic response

Question 2

True/false: It is fine to use a a modality because the patient wants it.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

What type of sensation is the first sensation felt?

Answer 3

a beta sensory

Question 4

What MOA is a beta sensory?

Answer 4

Gate control

Question 5

What is the goal for motor stimulation for e-stim?

Answer 5

Improve motor control and strengthening

Question 6

A delta neurons stimulate what type of response for e stim?

Answer 6

sharp pain, for longer pain reduction

Question 7

What are the indications for TENS?

Answer 7

Control/relieve pain
Reduce the amount/dependency on pain medication
Provide the patient a more active role in their pain management
Increase functional movement and mobility with less discomfort

Question 8

What are the types of TENS?

Answer 8

conventional and acupuncture

Question 9

What type of TENS works by gate control?

Answer 9

Conventional

Question 10

What type of TENS works by endogenous opioid release?

Answer 10

acupuncture

Question 11

What is the common frequency for conventional TENS?

Answer 11

100-150 Hz (high)

Question 12

What is the common pulse duration for conventional TENS?

Answer 12

50-80 microseconds

Question 13

What is the amplitude for conventional TENS?

Answer 13

strong but comfortable

Question 14

What is the typical treatment duration for conventional TENS?

Answer 14

20-30 mins

Question 15

Describe the pain masquerade for conventional TENS?

Answer 15

immediate pain with little residual effects

Question 16

What is the MOA for acupuncture TENS?

Answer 16

Endogenous opioid release - brief sharp pain thru repetitive muscle twitches and stimulation of a-delta fibers

Question 17

What is the typical frequency for acupuncture TENS?

Answer 17

2-10 Hz (low)

Question 18

What is the typical pulse duration for acupuncture TENS?

Answer 18

200-300 microseconds

Question 19

What is the amplitude for acupuncture TENS?

Answer 19

strong, visible muscle contraction, may be uncomfortable

Question 20

Describe the masquerade of pain for acupuncture TENS.

Answer 20

up to 5 hours

Question 21

What are the options of electrode placement for TENS?

Answer 21

Criss cross, parallel, bracket, unilateral

Question 22

What are the indications for IFC/Pre-Mod?

Answer 22

pain control for larger regions, maybe edema control and force production

Question 23

Name some examples of body regions/muscles you may use IFC for.

Answer 23

Knee, Quad, Lumbar, Rotator cuff

Question 24

When would use chose Pre-mod?

Answer 24

on an area in which 4 may not fit

Question 25

Name an example for pre-mod.

Answer 25

IE lateral ankle sprain/wrist/hand

Question 26

What are the options for electrode placement for IFC?

Answer 26

criss cross only

Question 27

What will decrease sensory habitation for longer treatment times?

Answer 27

sweep mode

Question 28

What allows for change in position of the interference pattern?

Answer 28

vector scan

Question 29

Briefly describe how pre-mod is still IFC.

Answer 29

it creates the interference using one channel by creating it within the Estim unit

Question 30

What are the indications for for HVPC?

Answer 30

wound healing and inflammation/edema

Question 31

What polarity do use choose for edema control?

Answer 31

negative polarity

Question 32

What polarity do use chose for tissue healing?

Answer 32

positive polarity

Question 33

How would you place the affected problem?

Answer 33

elevation

Question 34

Which electrode wire is for the dispersive electrode for HVPC?

Answer 34

black

Question 35

Which electrode wire is for the MOA for HVPC?

Answer 35

red (positive)

Question 36

Describe the protocol for Hi-volt for tissue healing inflammatory period.

Answer 36

60-125 Hz, duration 40-100 microsec, negative polarity, 45-60 few times/day

Question 37

Describe the protocol for Hi-volt for acute edema control.

Answer 37

100-120 Hz, 40-100 microsec, negative polarity,

Question 38

Describe the protocol for Hi-volt for tissue healing proliferation period.

Answer 38

60-125 Hz, duration 40-100 microsec, positive polarity, 45-60 few times/day

Question 39

Describe the protocol for Hi-volt for chronic edema control.

Answer 39

35-50 Hz, 150-350 microsec, negative polarity, 20-30 mins/day

Question 40

What is the sensation felt during hi volt?

Answer 40

strong but comfortable tingling

Question 41

What are the indications for NMES/Russian?

Answer 41

generate muscle contraction: Stimulation of denervated muscles (FES), improve motor control (NMES), strengthening (both), muscle pump for edema control (NMES), reduce spasticity(NMES)

Question 42

What are the recommended parameters for Russian?

Answer 42

50 bps, 10 microseconds for burst duration, 10 sec contraction time, 50 sec off time, 10 reps

Question 43

What are the precautions for E-Stim?

Answer 43

Cardiac disease, impaired sensation, malignant tumors, skin irritation/wound

Question 44

What are the contraindications for E-Stim?

Answer 44

Pacemakers/Defibrillators, other heart conditions (unstable arrhythmias), over the carotid sinus, venous/arterial thrombosis/thrombophlebitis, pelvis/trunk/abdomen/low back during pregnancy

Question 45

Could you use Hi-volt for edema from a sytemic cause such as heart, liver, or kidney failure?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

Which fibers do ES have the most effect on?

Answer 46

type II