Heat and Cold

Question 1

What are the ways heat exchange occurs?

Answer 1

Evaporation, non-evaporation (radiation, conduction, and convection), and within body by countercurrent exchange

Question 2

What are precautions for use of heat?

Answer 2

Over areas with decreased sensation/innervation, over areas of decreased circulation, large volumes of tissue, poor thermal regulation, pregnancy, cardiac insufficiency, metal in the area, scars and new skin, over areas where topical counterirritants have been applied

Question 3

What are some contraindications for heat?

Answer 3

Areas of arterial insufficiency/disease, areas prone to hemorrhage, acute inflammatory site, elevating tissue temperature in area of malignancy, thrombophlebitis, impaired cognitive function

Question 4

What is the therapeutic effect of heat?

Answer 4

affect skin temp within heating deeper tissues at a rate of 0.5 cm at 6-8 minutes

Question 5

What type of heat exchange occurs with a hot pack?

Answer 5

Conduction

Question 6

What is the recommended duration for heat?

Answer 6

~20 mins

Question 7

What is the required layering between a hot pack and the patient?

Answer 7

6-10 layers

Question 8

After how long should the skin be checked for adverse effects?

Answer 8

5-6 minutes

Question 9

What type of heat exchange occurs in paraffin treatment?

Answer 9

conduction

Question 10

What is the temperature range for paraffin?

Answer 10

126-130 deg F

Question 11

What are indications for paraffin?

Answer 11

Arthritis, chronic orthopedic conditions, joint stiffness, contractures, scleroderma

Question 12

What additional precaution should be considered before a paraffin treatment?

Answer 12

Small scratches, scar tissue

Question 13

What additional contraindications should be considered before a paraffin treatment?

Answer 13

open wounds, draining legions, rashes, infections, new skin/scar tissue, water on skin

Question 14

What steps should be taken before a paraffin bath?

Answer 14

Wash and dry area, remove all metal, check the temp of the paraffin

Question 15

What are the two methods for paraffin?

Answer 15

Dip and immersion

Question 16

How many dips for paraffin?

Answer 16

6-10

Question 17

What do you do after the final dip of paraffin?

Answer 17

Apply plastic wrap, thick glove, leave for 10-15 mins

Question 18

What are the effects of heat?

Answer 18

Promote vasodilation, increase metabolism, pain relief, decrease stiffness, enhance extensibility of tissue, reduce spasms/decrease strength

Question 19

For every _ degree rise in temp, metabolism increases _ fold.

Answer 19

10, 2-3

Question 20

What are the effects of cold treatments?

Answer 20

vasoconstriction, decrease metabolism, pain relief, augment muscle contraction, can decrease muscle strength is over 30 mins

Question 21

What are precautions for cold?

Answer 21

Abnormal skin sensation, previous frostbite, anesthesia, prolonged applications, HTN, decreased cognitive level, very young/old patients, over the superficial main branch of a nerve

Question 22

What are the contraindications for cold?

Answer 22

cold hypersensitivity, compromised local circulation

Question 23

What sensations should be felt during a cold treatment?

Answer 23

Cold then warm, burning then aching,tingling and finally numbness

Question 24

What are the types of cold treatments?

Answer 24

Gel packs, chemical, water, crushed ice, ice massage, cold bath/whirlpool, cryocuff

Question 25

What is the recommended duration for cold?

Answer 25

15-30 min, reach point of numbness

Question 26

For the first 24 hours of injuries, applying cold for _ minutes every _ is recommended.

Answer 26

30 minutes, 2 hours

Question 27

What is the temperature range for cold treatments?

Answer 27

15-25 C