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Physical Agents > Intro, Inflammation, Tissue, Pain > Flashcards

Intro, Inflammation, Tissue, Pain Flashcards

1
Q

How are physical agents generally described?

A

As category of energy (thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic) or types (US, water, heat, e-stim, etc)

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2
Q

What are some functions of physical agents?

A

To help modify tissue inflammation and healing, relieve pain, alter collagen extensibility, modify muscle tone-contracting ability

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3
Q

What are the phases of healing?

A

Inflammatory, Proliferative, Maturation

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4
Q

Describe and state the usual time frame of the inflammation phase.

A

Prepares wound for healing, 1-6 days

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5
Q

Describe and state the usual time frame of the proliferation phase.

A

rebuilds damaged structures and strengthens the wound, 3-20 days

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6
Q

Describe and state the usual time frame of the maturation phase.

A

Modifies scar tissue into its mature form - day 9 onward

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7
Q

What types of factors can affect the healing process?

A

Local, external, systemic

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8
Q

State some external forces that affect healing process.

A

Utilizing modalities, proper nutrition, environment

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9
Q

State some systemic forces that can affect the healing process.

A

Conditions that can increase edema and decrease circulation (vascular diseases, diabetes, tissue disorders, etc.), proper nutrition

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10
Q

Why does cartilage have limited ability to heal?

A

Lack of lymphatics, BVs, and nerves

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11
Q

What are some factors can affect the ability of a tendon or ligament to heal?

A

type and extent of damage, vascular supply, and control of movement

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12
Q

If a tendon does heal what will happen?

A

will possess a unique scar maturation phase that can achieve an advances state of repair

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13
Q

How can healing occur to skeletal muscle?

A

In some cases through stem cells

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14
Q

What can develop after a severe contusion to a muscle?

A

Calcified hematoma

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15
Q

What are the four stages of bone healing?

A

inflammation, soft callus, hard callus, bone remodelling

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16
Q

What happens in the inflammation phase and when does it occur?

A

Creates hematoma, disrupts blood supply, lowers pH. shortly after impact

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17
Q

What happens in the soft callus phase and when does it occur?

A

stabilizes fx, decreases pain, and reduced chance of fat embolism. begin after swelling subsides

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18
Q

What happens in the hard callus phase and when does it occur?

A

clinical healing period. 3 weeks-4 months

19
Q

What happens in the bone remodeling phase and when does it occur?

A

healed fibrous bone converted to lamellar bone and medullary canal becomes patent again. months to years

20
Q

What is the most common symptom prompting patients to seek care?

A

pain

21
Q

What is the definition of pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

22
Q

What is pain a warning of?

A

actual or potential tissue damage

23
Q

Describe some methods for assessing pain.

A

Visual analog and numeric scales, comparison with a predefined stimulus, daily activity/pain logs, body diagrams, interviews, physical exam and testing

24
Q

What neurons respond to intense mechanical stimulation and heat or cold?

A

A delta

25
Q

What neurons are short duration classified by sharp, stabbing or pricking sensation?

A

A delta

26
Q

What neurons can be blocked by opioids?

A

c afferent

27
Q

What neurons can be blocked by opioids?

A

c afferent

28
Q

What neurons are small and myelinated?

A

A delta

29
Q

What neuron makes up 20% of pain afferents?

A

A delta

30
Q

What neuron makes up 80% of pain afferents?

A

C afferent

31
Q

What neurons are non painful sensation by related to vibration, stretching, and mechanical pressure?

A

A beta

32
Q

What tissue is typically classified by sharp, pricking, vibrating pain that is easily located?

A

Skin/superficial

33
Q

What tissue is typically classified by dull, achy, heavy pain and can be difficult to localize?

A

MSK

34
Q

What tissue is typically aching quality but frequently referred superficially?

A

Visceral

35
Q

Describe how the endogenous opioid system for pain control.

A

chemicals control pain by binding to specific opioid receptors

36
Q

Describe how the gate control for pain control.

A

non-nociceptive sensory fibers stimulate the inhibitory neurons and nociceptive afferents inhibit them

37
Q

What type of pain is elicited by activation of nociceptive tissues in the absence of tissue damage, that can go away on its own?

A

Transient

38
Q

What type of pain is relatively short duration and a reflex mechanism for protection from damage?

A

Acute

39
Q

What type of pain is longer duration that persists beyond typical range for a condition?

A

Chronic

40
Q

What type of pain has a clear stimulus-response relationship with the initial injury?

A

Nociceptive

41
Q

What type of pain is burning or lancinating quality, usually accompanied by signs and symptoms of neurological dysfunction?

A

Neuropathic

42
Q

What type of sensitization is due to a release of local chemicals?

A

Peripheral

43
Q

What type of sensitization is increased duration and magnitude of CNS response?

A

Central - hyperalgesia

Physical Agents (5 decks)

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