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Orthopaedics (SA) > Other HL conditions - foot and tarsus > Flashcards

Other HL conditions - foot and tarsus Flashcards

1
Q

What are corns?

A

Focal circular areas of hyperkeratinisation in the digital paw pads

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2
Q

What breeds are predisposed to corns?

A

Sighthounds

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3
Q

How are corns treated?

A

Resection or SDFT tendonectomy

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4
Q

How are single fractures of the metatarsals/metacarpals fixed?

A

External coaptation

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5
Q

How are multiple fractures of the metatarsals/metacarpals fixed?

A

Internal fixation with plates/wires

Especially if middle 2 digits

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6
Q

What are complications of metatarsal/metacarpal fractures?

A

Extensive soft tissue injuries

Synostosis (bone fusion - painful!)

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7
Q

What is ‘sprung toe’?

A

Interphalangeal luxations

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8
Q

Interphalangeal luxations (‘sprung toe’) is commonly seen in which dog breeds?

A

Sighthounds

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9
Q

Interphalangeal luxations (sprung toe) is usually seen in which joint?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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10
Q

What are the treatment options for interphalangeal luxations (sprung toe)?

A

Reduce and suture collateral ligaments with wire sutures
Small external skeletal fixation (ESF)
Toe amputation

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11
Q

Are toe amputations tolerated well?

A

Yes - if single digit

Can cut through joint

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12
Q

What are the indications for a toe amputation?

A

Severe luxations (sprung toe)
Fractures
Neoplasia

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13
Q

The rupture of what ligament causes a plantigrade stance in dogs?

A

Plantar ligament

Achilles

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14
Q

Osteochondrosis is common in what size dog breeds?

A

Large

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15
Q

Osteochondrosis is common in which part of the tarsus?

A

Medial or lateral trochlear ridge

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of osteochondrosis of the tarsus?

A

Very straight conformation
Bilateral effusion
Rads (flattening of medial trochlear ridge)

17
Q

What is the best treatment option for osteochondrosis of the tarsus?

A

Surgery

18
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis dissecans

A

Bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow
Bone and cartilage can break loose
Causes pain and hindering of joint motion

19
Q

How does osteochondrosis appear radiographically?

A

Radiolucent ‘black thumbprint’ areas

20
Q

What is the best treatment for central tarsal bone fractures?

A

Surgery - lag screw

21
Q

What type of fracture are most calcaneus fractures? How are they treated?

A

Avulsion fractures - pulled away by gastrocnemius

Surgical Tx - counteracting pull with pins

22
Q

How is talocrural instability treated?

A

Surgical treatment

If fails - arthrodesis of tarsus

23
Q

What causes talocrural instability?

A

Damage to medial/collateral ligaments

24
Q

How are open luxations/shearing injuries treated?

A

Extensive wound lavage with sterile saline
Stabilise with external fixator
May need skin graft or heals by secondary intention

25
Q

What causes calcaneoquartal joint instability?

A

Rupture/degeneration of the plantar ligament

Trauma or degenerative

26
Q

What breeds are predisposed to calcaneoquartal instability (plantar ligament rupture)?

A

Shelties/collies

27
Q

How is calcaneoquartal instability treated?

A

Calcenoquartal arthrodesis

28
Q

What care should be given after arthrodesis (post-op)?

A

Strict rest
Analgesia
Check weekly
Gutter splint cast for 6-12 wks then x-ray

29
Q

What causes achilles tendon rupture?

A

Trauma

Acquired - gastrocnemic enthesiopathy (Dobermanns)

30
Q

How is achilles tendon rupture treated?

A

Surgery

Suture and fix hock in extension

31
Q

Gastrocnemius enthesiopathy is usually seen in which dog breed?

A

Dobermanns

32
Q

Is gastrocnemius enthesiopathy unilateral or bilateral? Is it acute or gradual onset?

A

Usually bilateral

Acute or gradual onset

Orthopaedics (SA) (10 decks)

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