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MSK > Other exam questions > Flashcards

Other exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

Best guess antibiotic for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis

A

Flucloxacillin

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2
Q

> 1 joint affected with septic arthritis

A

Septic emboli from endocarditis

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3
Q

Acute osteomyelitis in absence of injury

A

Children or immunosuppressed

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4
Q

Why are children more prone to osteomyelitis

A

Abundant tortuous vessels in the metaphyses of long bones

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5
Q

Brody abscess

A

Walled-off abscess in subacute osteomyelitis in children

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6
Q

Management of chronic osteomyelitis

A

Surgical debridement of seqeustra, infected bone, stabilization of bone, local antibiotic delivery systems, bone grafting, plastic surgery

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7
Q

Early arthroplasty infections

A

Staph aureus

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8
Q

Late arthroplasty infections

A

Staph epidermidis

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9
Q

Causative organism in gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

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10
Q

Antibiotic in gas gangrene

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter release is caused by…

A

Action potential leads to calcium influx

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12
Q

Depolarizaration in the muscle end plate is caused by…

A

ACh binding and sodium influx

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13
Q

ACh is broken down by…

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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14
Q

Neuromyotonia

A

Autoantibodies against K channels causing repetitive firing

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15
Q

Lambert-Eaton

A

Autoantibodies against calcium channels causing decreased ACh release

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16
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Autoantibodies against ACh receptor

17
Q

Curare

A

Competitive antagonist of ACh

18
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Irreversibly modifies proteins used in ACh vesicle docki ng

19
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Irreversibly modifies proteins used in ACh vesicle docki ng

20
Q

A-delta nociceptors cause…

A

“First” pain caused by mechanical and thermal stimuli

21
Q

Afferent functions of peptidergic C-fibres

A

Glutamate/substance P/neurokinin A release in the dorsal horn

22
Q

Efferent functions of peptidergic C-fibres

A

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide release from peripheral terminals, contributing to neurogenic inflammation

23
Q

Overall effect of neurogenic inflammation

A

Hyperalgesia and allodynia

24
Q

Role of prostaglandins in neurogenic pain

A

sensitize/activate nociceptors

25
Q

Mechanism of NSAIDs

A

Block COX, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

26
Q

Mechanism of NSAIDs

A

Block COX, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

27
Q

Healing by second intent

A

Haematoma and inflammation at the fracture gap (immediate)
Formation of granulation tissue, followed by soft callus (2-3 weeks)
Ossification and calcium mineralization forming hard callus (6-12 weeks)
Continuous remodelling over time

28
Q

Antibiotics in the management of open fractures

A

Flucloxacillin
Gentamicin
Metronidazole

29
Q

Treatment of compartment syndrome

A

Immediate fasciectomy

30
Q

Signs of reduced distal circulation

A

Cold, absent pulses, paraesthesia, pale

MSK (16 decks)

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