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MSK > Clinical anatomy for Exam > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy for Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Principle signs in adhesive capsulitis?

A

Loss of external rotation, limited active and passive movement

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2
Q

Clinical signs in impingement (2)

A

Painful arc on abduction

Painful Hawkins Kennedy test

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3
Q

Diseases associated with adhesive capsulitis (3)

A

Diabetes
Dupuytrens
Hypercholesterolaemia

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4
Q

Signs of shoulder dislocation

A

Loss of roundness/symmetry

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5
Q

Axillary nerve damage

A

Loss of sensation in “regimental badge” area

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6
Q

Common mechanism of injury in proximal humeral fracture?

A

FOOSH

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7
Q

Most common complication of humeral shaft fracture

A

Radial nerve damage (wrist drop and loss of sensation in first dorsal web space)

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8
Q

“Tennis elbow”

A

Lateral epicondylitis- repeated resisted extension

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9
Q

Cause of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle

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10
Q

Symptoms of cubital tunnel (2)

A

Paraesthesia of ulnar 1.5 fingers, weakness of abduction of little finger

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11
Q

Complications of scaphoid fractures

A

AVN and non-union

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12
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

Extra-articular fracture of the distal radius usually caused by FOOSH

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13
Q

Nerve supply to the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

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14
Q

Role of the interossei muscles

A

Dorsal- abduct at MCPJs

Ventral- adduct at MCPJs

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15
Q

9 muscles and nerve passing through the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis of four digits, flexor pollicus longus
Median nerve

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16
Q

Symptoms of carpal tunnel (2)

A

Paraesthesia in the thumb and radial 2.5 fingers

Weakness of thumb movements

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17
Q

Nerve roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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18
Q

Named nerves of the brachial plexus (5)

A 
Axillary
Radial
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
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19
Q

Blood supply to the arm

A

Axillary —> brachial

Splits to give ulnar and radial arteries

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20
Q

Complication of an “open book” fracture of the pelvis

A

Massive pelvic haemorrhage

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21
Q

Blood supply to the femoral head

A

Medial and lateral branches of the circumflex femoral artery

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22
Q

Main hip flexors

A

Ilipsoas

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23
Q

Important clinical signs in hip pathology (2)

A

Loss of internal rotation

Abductor weakness

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24
Q

Possible complication of intracapsular hip fracture

A

AVN and non-healing due to interrupted blood supply

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25
Signs of DDH (3)
Asymmetrical skin creases Shortened limb Positive Barlow/Orlotani tests
26
Pavlik harness can be used up until
6 months
27
Idiopathic AVN of the femoral head in childhood
Perthe's disease
28
Signs in Perthe's disease (2)
Limp | Loss of internal rotation and abduction
29
Pain in knee/groin, usually obese boys
SUFE
30
Treatment of SUFE
Urgent surgery to pin the femoral head
31
Early and late management of AVN
Drilling, THR
32
Treatment of Paget's disease
High dose oral bisphosphonates
33
Complications of displaced femoral shaft fractures (2)
Massive haemorrhage | Fat emboli
34
Management of femoral shaft fractures
IM nail
35
Where does the spinal cord terminate
Cauda equina, which begins at L2
36
Enter via the dorsal root
Ascending fibres
37
Sensation/motor fibres to the body except the middle of the back
The ventral rami of spinal nerves
38
Back pain characteristically worse on coughing
Discogenic back pain
39
Sciatic nerve roots
L4-S3
40
Neuralgic pain or tingling radiating down the back of the thigh to below the knee
Sciatica
41
Sensation over: a) medial leg b) medial thigh c) anterior, lateral and posterior thigh d) anteromedial thigh
a) saphenous nerve b) obturator nerve c) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve d) femoral nerve
42
Lumbosacral plexus
T12-S4
43
Inconsistent claudication distance, pedal pulses preserved, better when walking uphill
Spinal stenosis
44
Cause of cauda equina
Disc prolapse impinging on nerves of cauda equina
45
Exam and procedure for cauda equina (2)
PR exam; MRI
46
Surgery for cauda equina
Urgent discectomy
47
Treatment of disc prolapse
Analgesia, maintain mobility, drugs for neuropathic pain e.g. gabapentin, amitriptyline
48
How does the position of the patella on X-ray help locate an extensor mechanism tear?
Low-lying patella- proximal tear | High-lying- distal tear
49
Cause of patellofemoral dysfunction
Lateralising pull of quadriceps on the patella
50
Symptoms of patellofemoral dysfunction
Pain going downhill, knee locking, stiffening in a flexed position
51
Localised pain, feeling as though the knee is about to give way, knee locking or catching, may be unable to fully extend knee
Meniscal tear
52
Meniscal tears suitable for surgery
Longitudinal in the outer third in younger patients
53
Hallux valgus
Medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal, lateral deviation of the phalanx
54
Hallux rigidus
OA of the 1st MTPJ
55
Burning pain and tingling radiating into the affected toes; loss of sensation in the affected web space
Mortons neuroma
56
Pes planus
Flat feet- failure of the medial arch
57
Pes cavus
Abnormally high arch
58
Most common mechanisms of injury in the foot
Inversion and/or rotation on a planted foot
59
Patient with an injured ankle has medial tenderness and bruising
Deltoid ligament rupture
60
Commonest site of metatarsal fracture
5th metatarsal
61
5th metatarsal fracture in the area of the proximal diaphysis
Jones fracture
62
2nd metatarsal fracture
Stress fracture (sudden increase in activity)
63
Signs in Achille's tendon rupture
Weakness of plantar flexion, palpable gap in the tendon, Simmonds test positive (lack of plantar flexion when squeezing the calf)
64
Classic signs of hip fracture?
Shortened and externally rotated leg
65
Management of a) intracapsular b) extracapsular hip fracture?
a) hip replacement (hemiarthroplasty if unfit) | b) dynamic hip screw
66
Management of non-specific lower back pain
NSAID is 1st line; weak opioid if contraindicated
67
Classification of growth plate fractures?
``` Salter Harris: I- physis only II- physis and metaphysis III- physis and epiphysis IV- physis, epiphysis, metaphysis V- crush injury involving the physis ```
68
Incomplete cortical disruption causing periosteal haemotoma only
Buckle fracture
69
Unilateral cortical fracture
Greenstick fracture
70
Radial styloid pain + painful thumb abduction
De Quervain's tenosynovitis

MSK (16 decks)

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