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MSK > Elbow, wrist, hand anatomy and conditions > Flashcards

Elbow, wrist, hand anatomy and conditions Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What are lateral epicondylitis and medial epicondylitis more commonly known as?

A

Lateral- tennis elbow (resisted wrist extension- lateral epicondyle is the common extensor origin)

Medial- golfer’s elbow (less common- repeated strain on the common flexor origin)

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3
Q

What causes cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle

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4
Q

How does cubital tunnel syndrome present?

A

Parasthesia of the ulnar 1.5 fingers, and weakness of ulnar-innervated muscles

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5
Q

What often causes cubital tunnel syndrome?`

A

Tightness of the fascia overlying the tunnel, or tightness as the nerve passes through the septum at the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

Which muscles originate at the lateral epicondyle?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

RL RB CU

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7
Q

Which muscles originate at the medial epicondyle?

A

The flexors:

flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

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8
Q

Why do olecranon fractures usually require ORIF?

A

Unresisted traction of the triceps muscle means they are usually widely displaced

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9
Q

Which groups of patient are particularly prone to supracondylar fractures?

A

Children

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10
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11
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Extra-articular fracture of the distal radius, usually caused by FOOSH.

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12
Q

What is seen in 50% of Colle’s fractures?

A

Fracture of the ulnar styloid

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13
Q

What are the potential complications of this type of fracture?

A

Scaphoid fracture- non-union and AVN

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14
Q

What are the two groups of muscles of the hand and what broadly do they control?

A

Intrinsics- fine finger movements

Extrinsics- flexion and extension of fingers, flexion and extension of wrist

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15
Q

What are these muscles collectively, and what is their nerve supply?

A

Thenar muscles, median nerve

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16
Q

What is the main muscle which moves the little finger and what is its innervation?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Ulnar nerve

17
Q

What is the role of the interossei muscles?

A

Dorsal- abduct the fingers at MCPJs

Palmar-adduct the fingers at MCPJs

18
Q

What nerve supplies the interossei muscles?

A

Ulnar

19
Q

How many lumbrical muscles are there?

A

4

20
Q

Where do flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus insert, respectively? What is their origin?

A

Superficialis- PIP

Profundus- DIP

Origin- the common flexor origin (medial epicondyle)

21
Q

How is bowstringing of the flexor tendons prevented?

A

Trained to metacarpals/phalanges by a system of pulleys

22
Q

What is the carpal tunnel formed by?

A

Carpal bones inferioly and the flexor retinaculum superiorly

23
Q

Which nerve, and which 9 muscles, pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

FDS and FDP of the four fingers

Flexor pollicus longus

24
Q

How do patients with carpal tunnel syndrome present?

A

Parasthesia in the thumb and 2.5 radial fingers, loss of sensation, weakness in the muscles supplied by the median nerve (e.g. thenar muscles, lateral lumbricals)

25
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causing the fingers to bend into the palm

26
Q

What causes trigger finger?

A

Tendonitis of a flexor tendon causes nodule formation which gets “stuck” in flexion, commonly at the A1 pulley. May be painful

27
Q

How is trigger finger commonly treated?

A

Steroid injection into the tendon sheath

28
Q

Which artery branches to give the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

Brachial

29
Q
A
30
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Network of the ventral/anterior rami of spinal nerves of C8-8, T1

31
Q

Describe the layout of the brachial plexus.

A

Roots; trunks; divisons; cords; branches

32
Q

What are the five named nerves arising from the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Radial

Median

Ulnar

MSK (16 decks)

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