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BB LEC > Other Blood Groups System > Flashcards

Other Blood Groups System Flashcards

1
Q

Four blood groups capable in producing cold agglutinins

A

Lewis, I, P, MNSs

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2
Q

The carbohydrates blood groups are Lewis, I, and P, and these are …

A

explain, ot encoded by their gene directly, thus the gene encode specific glycosyltransferases with the addition of sugars to precursor

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3
Q

This is an ABs associated with decreased RBC survival. Transfusion reaction, HDN

A

Clinically significant

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4
Q

ABs do not cause red cell destruction

A

Not clinically significant

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5
Q

Cold reacting ABs, agglutination best observed @?

A

Below RT

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6
Q

Agglutination best observed at 37 degree celsius

A

Warm reacting antibodies

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7
Q

Who immunize rabbits with human RBCs

A

Landsteiner and Levine

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8
Q

Upon immunizing rabbits with human RBCs, waht antibodies recovered from these rabbits sera?

A

Anti M and Anti N

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9
Q

It is an antibody high prevalence antigen

A

U antigen

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10
Q

In whites, the common haplotypes were calculated to appear in the following order of relative frequency:

A

Ns, Ms, MS, NS

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11
Q

Important markers of MNSsU

A

Paternity testing

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12
Q

Antigen synthesise in GPA

A

M and N

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13
Q

What position of amino acid sequence does M and N antigen differs

A

1 and 5

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14
Q

M & N is easily degraded by?

A

Ficin, papain, bromelin,
Less common enzymes: pronase and trypsin

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15
Q

S and s antigen is expressed in?

A

GLYCOPHORIN B

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16
Q

S and s antigens, differs in amino acid sequence in what position?

A

29, Met and Thr

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17
Q

S and s antigen is Less easily degraded by enzymes because the antigens are located farther down the glycoprotein? T/F

A

TRUE

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18
Q

When phenotype S and s expressed, they cannot expressed U phenotype? T/F

A

FALSE

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19
Q

What phenotype does certain individual have to create high resistance of P. Falciparum

A

M-N-

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20
Q

M-N- create high resistance of?

A

P. Falciparum

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21
Q

What is dosage effect?

A

Explain

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22
Q

Ss antigen is less easily destroyed by enzymes? T/F

A

True

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23
Q

Enzymes that does not destroy Ss activity?

A

Trypsin, DTT, AET, Chloroquine, Glycine acid EDTA.

2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide

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24
Q

Enzymes that does destroy Ss activity?

A

Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Chymotrypsin, Pronase

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25
Q

This is always present when S and S are inherited

A

U antigen

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26
Q

U antigen is found in?

A

GPB

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27
Q

Most naturally occuring immunoglobulins in anti M and Anti N

A

IgM

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28
Q

Ph dependent reacting best at

A

6.5

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29
Q

Anti M and Anti N is cold reactive saline agglutinins T/F

A

True

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30
Q

Anti M and Anti N can binds to complement? T/F

A

FALSE

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31
Q

Most examples of immunoglobulins in Ss antibodiies is

A

IgG

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32
Q

Anti S and anti s can bind to complement?

A

True

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33
Q

3 phenotypes lacks GPA and GPB

A

En (a-), U Phenotype, Mk phenotype

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34
Q

What phenotype does indivuduals appears to be M-N- and produce anti Ena

A

En(a-)

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35
Q

RBCs of Mk phenotype types as?

A

M-N-S-s-U-En(a-)-Wr(a-b-)

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36
Q

RBCS in U phenotype types as?

A

S-s-U

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37
Q

What phenotype is deficient in GPB

A

U phenotype

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38
Q

Anti-Tja also known as

A

Anti-PP1Pk

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39
Q

The RBC Antigen of P blood group exist as

A

Glycosphingolipids

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40
Q

Meaning when not readily available at birth

A

That means, these antigens will only be present on the surface of RBCs with the presence of glycosyltransferases

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41
Q

Consists of P and P1 antigens

A

P1

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42
Q

Consist only P antigens and Lacks P1 antigen

A

P2 antigen

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43
Q

Enzymes that does not affect P blood group

A

Ficin, papain, DTT, chloroquine and glycine acid edta

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44
Q

P and Pk have also been found in plasma as

A

Glycosphingolipids

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45
Q

P and Pk have also been found in plasma as glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins in?

A

Hyatid cysts fluid, esp. in Echinococcus granulosus

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46
Q

Found on fetal red cells as early as 12 weeks, but it weakens with gestational age

A

P1 antigen

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47
Q

P1 antigen is Poorly expressed at birth and may take up to how many years to be fully expressed?

A

7 years

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48
Q

Why p1 detoriates rapidly on storage

A

Sensitive in temperature variation

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49
Q

P1-like antigen has been found in plasma and

A

Dropping of pigeons and turtle doves

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50
Q

P1 substance has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus, extracts of

A

Lumbricoides terrestis

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51
Q

This is naturally-occurring alloantibody in the sera of all Pk individuals.

A

Anti-P

52
Q

This is naturally-occurring IgM antibody in the sera of P2 individuals.

A

Anti-P1

53
Q

Strong anti-P1 was observed in individuals infected with

A

hydatid cyst of Echinococcus
granulosus.

54
Q

Originally called anti-Tja, anti-PP1Pk was first described in the serum of

A

Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Her tumor cells carried P system antigens, and the antibody was credited as having cytotoxic properties that may have helped
prevent
metastatic growth postsurgery (the T in the Tja refers to
tumor).

55
Q

In PCH, the anti-P will attach to red cells at

A

Cold temp

56
Q

In PCH, the anti-P will lyse the red cells at

A

Warm temp

57
Q

Anti-P specificity is found as an IgG autoantibody in patients with

A

paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

58
Q

The gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of Pk

A

4-a-galactosyltransferase

59
Q

4-α- galactosyltransferase also known as

A

Gb3/Pk synthase

60
Q

The gene responsible for converting Pk to P

A

3-B-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

61
Q

3-β-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase also known as

A

Gb4 synthase

62
Q

Receptor of shiga toxins

A

pk antigen

63
Q

Pk provides protection against

A

HIV infection

64
Q

Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

65
Q

Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma that divided the population into three phenotypes:

A

84% tested Luke+,
14% were weakly positive or Luke(w),
and 2% were Luke–.

66
Q

How RBC acquire lewis phenotype

A

By adsorbing lewis subtances from plasma

67
Q

Lewis substances on secretions

A

Glycoproteins

68
Q

Lewis antigen in cell bound Ags

A

Glycosphingolipids

69
Q

Children who inherits Le , Se the transformation can be followed

A

Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a-b+) True phenotype after 6 years

70
Q

Children who inherits Le, sese gene will be transformed

A

Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a+b-) persist throughout life

71
Q

Individuals with lele genes phenotype transformed

A

Le(a-b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives

72
Q

Needed for the expression of Lea substance

A

Le gene

73
Q

Le and Se gene needed to form

A

Leb subtance

74
Q

Lea and Leb glycoproteins is present in

A

Saliva of newborns

75
Q

Lewis glycolipids not detectable in plasma until

A

10 days after birth

76
Q

What is the phenotype of cord blood and rbcs from new born infants

A

Le(a-b-)

77
Q

SECRETORS:

A

Le (a-b+)

78
Q

This express all the antigen in secretions but have a weaker reaction or reactivity on Lea subtances

A

Le (a-b+)

79
Q

ABH NON SECRETOR

A

Le(a+b-)

80
Q

Cannot express all the antigens in secretions also the Leb substances.

A

Le (a+b-)

81
Q

Cannot express all the antigens in secretions also the Leb substances. What will the Le(a+b-) will only secrete?

A

Lea

82
Q

Why pregnant women become temporarily
Le (a- b-)?

A

Explain

83
Q

Bakit hindi significant ang Lewis antibodies during transfusion

A

Explain

84
Q

Le Antibodies do not cause HDN or HTR (T/F)

A

True

85
Q

I for

A

Individuality

86
Q

I is

A

Active branched chains

87
Q

i is

A

Active linear chains

88
Q

Newborns have what antigen

A

i antigen

89
Q

Adult have what antigen

A

I antigen

90
Q

Enzymes enhances the reactivity of the I and i antigen

A

Ficin, papain,

91
Q

common autoantibody that can be found in virtually all sera

A

Anti -I

92
Q

strong agglutination with adult RBCs and weak or no agglutination with cord blood

A

Anti-I

93
Q

Why does Anti-I is strong agglutination with adult RBCs and weak or no agglutination with cord blood??

A

Because Weak or no agglutination in cord blood because adults express anti-I compared to newborns that expresses anti-i

94
Q

it has stronger agglutination with cord blood and weak or no agglutination with adult RBCs

A

Anti-i

95
Q

Why does anti-i has stronger agglutination with cord blood and weak or no agglutination with adult RBCs

A

Because cord blood express anti -i compared to adults expresses anti I

96
Q

Transcribe HEMPAS

A

Hereditary Erythroblastic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum Test

97
Q

Infectous mononucleosis known as

A

Kissing disease caused by EPV

98
Q

Associated with much greater i activity on red cells than control cord cells

A

CDA TYPE II OR HEMPAS

99
Q

Weak naturally occurring saline reactive IgM auto-agglutinin detectable only at 4 deg. cel

A

Benign Anti-I

100
Q

A potent cold autoagglutinin that demonstrates a high titer reactivity and reacts over a wide thermal range to 0-30 deg. cel

A

Pathologic Anti-I

101
Q

It is a useful tool in anthropological studies of Mongolian Ancestry

A

Dia Antigen

102
Q

This antibodies occurs in the serum of individuals with biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune haemolytic anemia

A

Anti Pk

103
Q

These genes are inherited independently

A

P1Pk and P genes

104
Q

What are the possible phenotypes of patients or red cells that are Luke-negative?

A

p and Pk

105
Q

Secretor fucosyltransferase is more active in newborns than Lewis fucosyltransferases

A

FALSE. LEWIS FUCOSYLTRANSFERASES IS MORE ACTIVE

106
Q

True of False

Individuals with lele genes are typed as Le(a+b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives.

A

FALSE. It should be Le(a-b-)

107
Q

Until how many days does Lewis glycolipids are not detectable in the plasma?

A

10 days

108
Q

What phenotype of the cord blood and RBCs from the newborn infants?

A

Le(a-b-)

109
Q

These antigens are commonly decreased in expression in patients or red cells that are from pregnant women.

A

Lewis Antigen

110
Q

True or False

All individuals who secrete Le(a+b-) are ABH nonsecretors yet they all secrete Lea.

A

True

111
Q

True or False

Individuals with lele genes are typed as Le(a+b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives.

A

FALSE. Le (a-b-)

112
Q

Individuals with Le and Se genes are typed as: (Indicate their phenotype sequence

A

Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le (a+b+)
Le (a-b+) True phenotype after 6 years

113
Q

True or False

All individuals who secrete Le(a-b+) are ABH Secretors yet they secrete all lewis antigen but weaker reactivity of Lea

A

True

114
Q

In what way does anti-I reactivity is inhibited?

A

Prewarming

115
Q

Anti I often occurs as

A

Anti IH

116
Q

This antibody is associated with the infection with the smallest free-living bacteria.

A

Anti I

117
Q

Associated as a cause of cold agglutinin disease, secondary to Mycoplasma Pneumonia infections

A

Anti I

118
Q

This antibody is rarely or sometimes associated with kissing disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus.

A

Anti i

119
Q

In what way does anti-i reactivity is inhibited?

A

Prewarming

120
Q

The presence of anti-P and anti-PP1Pk antibodies are associated in the history of multiple abortions. The history of these patients who have anti-P and anti-PP1Pk also has a history of what treatment?

A

Plasmapheresis

121
Q

This is used to demonstrate the IgG autoantibody of patient with anti-P specificity.

A

Donath Landsteiner Test

122
Q

Seen in renal patients, who are dialyzed on
equipment sterilized with formaldehyde

A

Anti N

123
Q

This is antibody is associated with an increased incidence
of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy.

A

Anti PP1Pk

124
Q

IgG class anti-P may occur and has been associated with

A

Habitual early abortion

125
Q

Covalently linked with Kell glycoprotein by a single disulfide bond

A

Xk protein

126
Q

When Kell antigens are denatured with AET
or DTT, the expression of Kx will? Increased or Decreased

A

Increases

127
Q

This antibody appears to be a single specificity and cannot be separated into components

A

Anti-Ku

BB LEC (8 decks)

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