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IH PF > OTHER BLOOD GROUPS P3 > Flashcards

OTHER BLOOD GROUPS P3 Flashcards

1
Q

made an association between the rare Kell phenotypes, including the McLeod phenotype, and the rare
X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).

A

1971: Giblett and colleagues

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2
Q

McLeod carriers exhibit two RBC populations: one having ___ and normal ______, the other having
the _______ and ________

A

Kx and Kell antigens ; McLeod phenotype and acanthocytosis

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3
Q

McLeod males with CGD make ________

A

anti-Kx + Km

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4
Q

(McLeod Phenotype & Syndrome)

Reacts strongly with ____ RBCs, weaker with normal ____ phenotype RBCs, and not at all with ______ phenotype RBCs

A

Ko ; Kell ; McLeod

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5
Q

_________: made by McLeod males without CGD

A

Anti-Km

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6
Q

used to describe other phenotypes with very weak Kell expression, often requiring adsorption-
elution tests for detection

A

Kmod

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7
Q

RBCs may appear to acquire Kell antigens.

A

Kmod

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8
Q

described a K– patient who acquired a K-like antigen during a Streptococcus faecium infection

A

McGinnis and coworker

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9
Q

Most ____________________ are directed against undefined high-prevalence Kell antigens, but identifiable autoantibodies to K, Kpb, and K13 have been reported.

A

Kell system autoantibodies

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10
Q

Mimicking specificities have also been reported, such as when an apparent anti-K is eluted from DAT+ K– RBCs and the anti-K in the eluate can be adsorbed onto K– RBCs.

A

Autoantibodies

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11
Q

ANO NA NEXT BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

A

DUFFY (008) SYSTEM

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12
Q

1950: named for Mr. Duffy, who was found to have the first described example of _______

A

anti-Fya.

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13
Q

1951: discovered an antithetical antigen, _____, found in the serum of a woman who had three pregnancies.

A

Fyb

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14
Q

1955: _____________
- reported that the majority of African Americans tested were Fy(a–b–).
- The gene responsible for this null phenotype was called ______

A

Sanger and colleagues ; Fy

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15
Q

common genotype in blacks, especially in Africa; the gene is rare in whites.

A

FyFy

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16
Q

1975
- observed that Fy(a–b–) RBCs resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism Plasmodium
knowlesi.
- later shown that Fy(a–b–) RBCs also resist infection by Plasmodium vivax (one of the organisms causing
malaria in humans )

A

YES

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17
Q

______, ______: rarely encountered in duffy

A

Fy3, Fy5

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18
Q

RBCs that are Fy(a–b–) are also Fy: ____, _____

A

–3, –5.

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19
Q

____ is also not present on Rhnull RBCs, regardless of the Fya or Fyb status of those RBCs.

A

Fy5

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20
Q

____ blood group system: symbol FY or 008 by the ISBT

A

Duffy

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21
Q

most important in routine blood bank serology

A

Fya & Fyb

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22
Q

Fya & Fyb can be identified on fetal RBCs as early as _______ gestational age and are well developed at birth.

A

6 weeks

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23
Q

found in body tissues, including brain, colon, endothelium, lung, spleen, thyroid, thymus, and kidney cells.

A

Fya & Fyb

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24
Q

destroyed by ficin, papain, bromelin, and chymotrypsin, and by ZZAP (which contains either papain or
ficin in addition to DTT)

A

Fya & Fyb

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25
Q

Fya & Fyb not affected by _____ alone, _____, or glycine-acid EDTA treatment.

A

DTT ; AET

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26
Q

reduce the molecular weight of Fya and Fyb, but not destroyed antigenic activity and neither does purified trypsin

A

Neuraminidase

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27
Q

Fya and Fyb in position 42

A

Fya = glycine
Fyb = aspartic acid

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28
Q

common antibody and is found as a single specificity or in a mixture of antibodies.

A

Anti-Fya

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29
Q

Anti-Fya: occurs ____ times less frequently than anti-K.

A

three

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30
Q

20 times less common than anti-Fya and often occurs in combination with other antibodies.

A

Anti-Fyb:

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31
Q
  • IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase.
  • Antibody activity is enhanced in a low ionic strength medium.
  • associated with acute and delayed HTRs.
  • associated with HDFN that ranges from mild to severe.
A

Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb

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32
Q

1968: Duffy gene (ACKR1, formally known as _____) was linked to a visible, inherited abnormality of _________

A

DARC ; chromosome 1

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33
Q

located near the centromere on the long arm of chromosome 1 at position 1q21-q22.4

A

ACKR1

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34
Q

syntenic to the Rh locus, which is located near the tip of the short arm;

A

Fy locus

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35
Q

There are three common alleles at the Fy locus: ___, ____, ______.

_____ and _____ encode the antithetical
antigens Fya and Fyb, respectively, and ___ is a silent allele and is the major allele in blacks.

A

Fya, Fyb, and Fy.

Fya and Fyb ; Fy

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36
Q

Molecular testing for the GATA mutation is helpful for transfusion management for patients with
___________

A

sickle cell disease.

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37
Q
  • Typing for Duffy antigens has been performed on the RBCs of chimpanzees, gorillas, and old- and
    new-world monkeys.

The results suggest that ____ developed first, then ___, and that ___ arose during human evolution.

A

Fy3 ; Fyb ; Fya

38
Q

____: described in 1965 as a new allele at the Fy locus

Inherited weak form of Fyb that reacts with some example of anti-Fyb

A

Fyx

39
Q

____:1971, anti-Fy3 was found in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) white Australian female( individuals who lack the
Duffy glycoprotein)

reacted with all RBCs tested except those of the Fy(a–b–) phenotype
not destroyed by enzymes

A

Fy3

40
Q

found in whites, Cree Indian families, and blacks

A

Fy(a–b–) phenotype

41
Q

1973, Colledge and coworkers discovered anti-Fy5 in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) black child who later
died of leukemia

A

Fy5

42
Q

next bg system

A

kidd (009) system

43
Q

simple and straightforward system consisting of only 3 antigens.

A

The Kidd (009) System

44
Q

1951, ____ and colleagues reported finding an antibody in the serum of Mrs. Kidd, whose infant had HDFN
(anti-Jka)

A

Allen

45
Q

___, was found 2 years later

A

Jkb

46
Q

null phenotype _______ was described in 1959

A

Jk(a–b–)

47
Q

___ has been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 11 weeks

A

Jka

48
Q

___ has been detected at 7 weeks

A

Jkb

49
Q

The Kidd (009) System is not denatured by _____ or ______

A

papain or ficin

50
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

demonstrate dosage, are often _____ (reaction)

A

weak

51
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

_______ is more frequently encountered than anti-Jkb, but neither antibody is common

A

Anti-Jka

52
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

usually ___ (antiglobulin reactive) but may also be partly ___

A

IgG ; IgM

53
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

Made in response to ______ or _______

A

pregnancy or transfusion

54
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

Antibody reactivity can also be enhanced by using _____ or _____ (to promote IgG attachment), by using four drops of serum instead of two (to increase the antibody-to-
antigen ratio) or by using enzymes such as ____ or _____

A

LISS or PEG ; ficin or papain

55
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

Many bind _____

A

complement

56
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

titer of anti-Jka or anti-Jkb quickly declines ______

A

in vivo

57
Q

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)

decline in antibody reactivity and the difficulty in detecting Kidd antibodies are reasons why they are a common cause of _____ (delayed)

A

HTRs

58
Q

lack Jka, Jkb and the common antigen Jk3

A

Jk(a-b-) Phenotype

59
Q

Jk(a-b-) Phenotype is most abundant among ________

it has also been identified in Filipinos, Indonesians and Chinese

A

polynesians ;

60
Q

Most Jk(a-b-) nullas are _______ for the rare “silent” allele jk

A

homozygous

61
Q

antiglobulin-reactive antibody that looks like an inseparable anti-JkaJkb

A

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)

62
Q

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3) reacts with all RBCs tested except the _______

A

autocontrol

63
Q

reactivity is enhanced with enzyme pretreatment of the RBCs

associated with severe immediate and delayed HTRs and with mild HDFN

A

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)

64
Q

Autoantibodies with Kidd specificity (anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, and anti-Jk3): rare; have been associated with __________

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

65
Q

next bg system

A

The Lutheran (005) System

66
Q

1945, _______ was found (and described in detail a year later) in the serum of a patient with
lupus erythematosus, following the transfusion of a unit of blood carrying the corresponding
low-prevalence antigen

A

anti-Lua

67
Q

new antibody was named Lutheran for the donor; the donor’s last name was Lutteran but the donor blood sample was incorrectly labeled

A

yes

68
Q

1956, ______ and ________ described anti-Lub

A

Cutbush and Chanarin

69
Q

1961 _____ and colleagues described the first Lu(a–b–) phenotype

A

Crawford

70
Q

detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 to 12 weeks of gestation and poorly developed at
birth.

A

The Lutheran (005) System Antigen

71
Q

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)

Lutheran glycoprotein is widely distributed in tissues

________: Brain, Lung, Pancreas, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes

A

BLP2SMH:

72
Q

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)

resistant to the enzymes _____ and ______ and to ____________ treatment

A

ficin and papain ; glycine-acid EDTA

73
Q

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)

(most) do not react with RBCs treated with sulfhydryl reagents ____ and _____

A

DTT and AET

74
Q

(Lua and Lub Antigens)

Lutheran antigens are located on a ______ transmembrane protein

A

type 1

75
Q

(Lua and Lub Antigens)

multifunctional adhesion molecules that bind ______, notably in sickle cell disease

A

laminin

76
Q

(Lua and Lub Antigens)

Lu gene is located on

A

chromosome 19

77
Q

IgM naturally occurring saline agglutinins

A

anti-Lua

78
Q

anti-Lua react better at _____________ than at 37°C

A

room temperature

79
Q

Some are capable of binding complement, but in vitro hemolysis has not been reported

A

anti-Lua

80
Q

their characteristic loose, mixed-field reactivity in a test tube

A

anti-Lua

81
Q

first example of was a room-temperature agglutinin, and IgM and IgA antibodies have been noted

A

anti-Lub

82
Q

most examples of anti-Lub are IgG and reactive at _____ at the antiglobulin phase

A

37°C

83
Q

made in response to pregnancy or transfusion

A

anti-Lub

84
Q

Alloanti-Lub reacts with all cells tested except the _______, and reactions are often weaker with Lu(a+b+) RBCs and cord RBCs

A

autocontrol

85
Q

rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a–b–) RBCs

A

anti-Lu3

86
Q

anti-Lu3 looks like inseparable anti-Luab and recognizes a common antigen, _____

A

Lu3

87
Q

Antiglobulin reactive.

A

anti-Lu3

88
Q

anti-Lu3 made only by individuals with the recessive type of ______

A

Lu(a–b–).

89
Q

carry trace amounts of Lutheran antigens as shown by adsorption-elution studies

do not make anti-Lu3

A

Dominant Type Lu(a-b-)

90
Q

truly lack all the Lutheran antigens and can make an inseparable anti-Luab called anti-Lu3

A

Recessive Type Lu(a-b-)

91
Q

Lu(a–b–) family members were male and carried trace amounts of Lub detected by
adsorption-elution

A

Recessive X-Linked Inhibitor Type

IH PF (6 decks)

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