OTHER BLOOD GROUPS P3 Flashcards
made an association between the rare Kell phenotypes, including the McLeod phenotype, and the rare
X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
1971: Giblett and colleagues
McLeod carriers exhibit two RBC populations: one having ___ and normal ______, the other having
the _______ and ________
Kx and Kell antigens ; McLeod phenotype and acanthocytosis
McLeod males with CGD make ________
anti-Kx + Km
(McLeod Phenotype & Syndrome)
Reacts strongly with ____ RBCs, weaker with normal ____ phenotype RBCs, and not at all with ______ phenotype RBCs
Ko ; Kell ; McLeod
_________: made by McLeod males without CGD
Anti-Km
used to describe other phenotypes with very weak Kell expression, often requiring adsorption-
elution tests for detection
Kmod
RBCs may appear to acquire Kell antigens.
Kmod
described a K– patient who acquired a K-like antigen during a Streptococcus faecium infection
McGinnis and coworker
Most ____________________ are directed against undefined high-prevalence Kell antigens, but identifiable autoantibodies to K, Kpb, and K13 have been reported.
Kell system autoantibodies
Mimicking specificities have also been reported, such as when an apparent anti-K is eluted from DAT+ K– RBCs and the anti-K in the eluate can be adsorbed onto K– RBCs.
Autoantibodies
ANO NA NEXT BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
DUFFY (008) SYSTEM
1950: named for Mr. Duffy, who was found to have the first described example of _______
anti-Fya.
1951: discovered an antithetical antigen, _____, found in the serum of a woman who had three pregnancies.
Fyb
1955: _____________
- reported that the majority of African Americans tested were Fy(a–b–).
- The gene responsible for this null phenotype was called ______
Sanger and colleagues ; Fy
common genotype in blacks, especially in Africa; the gene is rare in whites.
FyFy
1975
- observed that Fy(a–b–) RBCs resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism Plasmodium
knowlesi.
- later shown that Fy(a–b–) RBCs also resist infection by Plasmodium vivax (one of the organisms causing
malaria in humans )
YES
______, ______: rarely encountered in duffy
Fy3, Fy5
RBCs that are Fy(a–b–) are also Fy: ____, _____
–3, –5.
____ is also not present on Rhnull RBCs, regardless of the Fya or Fyb status of those RBCs.
Fy5
____ blood group system: symbol FY or 008 by the ISBT
Duffy
most important in routine blood bank serology
Fya & Fyb
Fya & Fyb can be identified on fetal RBCs as early as _______ gestational age and are well developed at birth.
6 weeks
found in body tissues, including brain, colon, endothelium, lung, spleen, thyroid, thymus, and kidney cells.
Fya & Fyb
destroyed by ficin, papain, bromelin, and chymotrypsin, and by ZZAP (which contains either papain or
ficin in addition to DTT)
Fya & Fyb
Fya & Fyb not affected by _____ alone, _____, or glycine-acid EDTA treatment.
DTT ; AET
reduce the molecular weight of Fya and Fyb, but not destroyed antigenic activity and neither does purified trypsin
Neuraminidase
Fya and Fyb in position 42
Fya = glycine
Fyb = aspartic acid
common antibody and is found as a single specificity or in a mixture of antibodies.
Anti-Fya
Anti-Fya: occurs ____ times less frequently than anti-K.
three
20 times less common than anti-Fya and often occurs in combination with other antibodies.
Anti-Fyb:
- IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase.
- Antibody activity is enhanced in a low ionic strength medium.
- associated with acute and delayed HTRs.
- associated with HDFN that ranges from mild to severe.
Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb
1968: Duffy gene (ACKR1, formally known as _____) was linked to a visible, inherited abnormality of _________
DARC ; chromosome 1
located near the centromere on the long arm of chromosome 1 at position 1q21-q22.4
ACKR1
syntenic to the Rh locus, which is located near the tip of the short arm;
Fy locus
There are three common alleles at the Fy locus: ___, ____, ______.
_____ and _____ encode the antithetical
antigens Fya and Fyb, respectively, and ___ is a silent allele and is the major allele in blacks.
Fya, Fyb, and Fy.
Fya and Fyb ; Fy
Molecular testing for the GATA mutation is helpful for transfusion management for patients with
___________
sickle cell disease.
- Typing for Duffy antigens has been performed on the RBCs of chimpanzees, gorillas, and old- and
new-world monkeys.
The results suggest that ____ developed first, then ___, and that ___ arose during human evolution.
Fy3 ; Fyb ; Fya
____: described in 1965 as a new allele at the Fy locus
Inherited weak form of Fyb that reacts with some example of anti-Fyb
Fyx
____:1971, anti-Fy3 was found in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) white Australian female( individuals who lack the
Duffy glycoprotein)
reacted with all RBCs tested except those of the Fy(a–b–) phenotype
not destroyed by enzymes
Fy3
found in whites, Cree Indian families, and blacks
Fy(a–b–) phenotype
1973, Colledge and coworkers discovered anti-Fy5 in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) black child who later
died of leukemia
Fy5
next bg system
kidd (009) system
simple and straightforward system consisting of only 3 antigens.
The Kidd (009) System
1951, ____ and colleagues reported finding an antibody in the serum of Mrs. Kidd, whose infant had HDFN
(anti-Jka)
Allen
___, was found 2 years later
Jkb
null phenotype _______ was described in 1959
Jk(a–b–)
___ has been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 11 weeks
Jka
___ has been detected at 7 weeks
Jkb
The Kidd (009) System is not denatured by _____ or ______
papain or ficin
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
demonstrate dosage, are often _____ (reaction)
weak
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
_______ is more frequently encountered than anti-Jkb, but neither antibody is common
Anti-Jka
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
usually ___ (antiglobulin reactive) but may also be partly ___
IgG ; IgM
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
Made in response to ______ or _______
pregnancy or transfusion
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
Antibody reactivity can also be enhanced by using _____ or _____ (to promote IgG attachment), by using four drops of serum instead of two (to increase the antibody-to-
antigen ratio) or by using enzymes such as ____ or _____
LISS or PEG ; ficin or papain
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
Many bind _____
complement
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
titer of anti-Jka or anti-Jkb quickly declines ______
in vivo
(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies)
decline in antibody reactivity and the difficulty in detecting Kidd antibodies are reasons why they are a common cause of _____ (delayed)
HTRs
lack Jka, Jkb and the common antigen Jk3
Jk(a-b-) Phenotype
Jk(a-b-) Phenotype is most abundant among ________
it has also been identified in Filipinos, Indonesians and Chinese
polynesians ;
Most Jk(a-b-) nullas are _______ for the rare “silent” allele jk
homozygous
antiglobulin-reactive antibody that looks like an inseparable anti-JkaJkb
Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)
Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3) reacts with all RBCs tested except the _______
autocontrol
reactivity is enhanced with enzyme pretreatment of the RBCs
associated with severe immediate and delayed HTRs and with mild HDFN
Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)
Autoantibodies with Kidd specificity (anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, and anti-Jk3): rare; have been associated with __________
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
next bg system
The Lutheran (005) System
1945, _______ was found (and described in detail a year later) in the serum of a patient with
lupus erythematosus, following the transfusion of a unit of blood carrying the corresponding
low-prevalence antigen
anti-Lua
new antibody was named Lutheran for the donor; the donor’s last name was Lutteran but the donor blood sample was incorrectly labeled
yes
1956, ______ and ________ described anti-Lub
Cutbush and Chanarin
1961 _____ and colleagues described the first Lu(a–b–) phenotype
Crawford
detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 to 12 weeks of gestation and poorly developed at
birth.
The Lutheran (005) System Antigen
(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)
Lutheran glycoprotein is widely distributed in tissues
________: Brain, Lung, Pancreas, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes
BLP2SMH:
(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)
resistant to the enzymes _____ and ______ and to ____________ treatment
ficin and papain ; glycine-acid EDTA
(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen)
(most) do not react with RBCs treated with sulfhydryl reagents ____ and _____
DTT and AET
(Lua and Lub Antigens)
Lutheran antigens are located on a ______ transmembrane protein
type 1
(Lua and Lub Antigens)
multifunctional adhesion molecules that bind ______, notably in sickle cell disease
laminin
(Lua and Lub Antigens)
Lu gene is located on
chromosome 19
IgM naturally occurring saline agglutinins
anti-Lua
anti-Lua react better at _____________ than at 37°C
room temperature
Some are capable of binding complement, but in vitro hemolysis has not been reported
anti-Lua
their characteristic loose, mixed-field reactivity in a test tube
anti-Lua
first example of was a room-temperature agglutinin, and IgM and IgA antibodies have been noted
anti-Lub
most examples of anti-Lub are IgG and reactive at _____ at the antiglobulin phase
37°C
made in response to pregnancy or transfusion
anti-Lub
Alloanti-Lub reacts with all cells tested except the _______, and reactions are often weaker with Lu(a+b+) RBCs and cord RBCs
autocontrol
rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a–b–) RBCs
anti-Lu3
anti-Lu3 looks like inseparable anti-Luab and recognizes a common antigen, _____
Lu3
Antiglobulin reactive.
anti-Lu3
anti-Lu3 made only by individuals with the recessive type of ______
Lu(a–b–).
carry trace amounts of Lutheran antigens as shown by adsorption-elution studies
do not make anti-Lu3
Dominant Type Lu(a-b-)
truly lack all the Lutheran antigens and can make an inseparable anti-Luab called anti-Lu3
Recessive Type Lu(a-b-)
Lu(a–b–) family members were male and carried trace amounts of Lub detected by
adsorption-elution
Recessive X-Linked Inhibitor Type
