OTHER BLOOD GROUPS Flashcards by Sharmaine Madjid

On type 1 glycosphingolipids that are passively adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from the
plasma

Lewis System - 007

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Lewis System - 007 is Named after one of the first individuals to make the _______, reported by Mourant in 1946

antibody

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_____ and ______ result from the interaction of two fucosyltransferases encoded by independent genes,
Le and Se

Lea and Leb

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LEWIS PHENOTYPES:

Le (a+b-) RBCS are from ABH _________
Le (a-b+) RBCs are from ABH _________

nonsecretors ; secretors

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RBC phenotype are either ______ or ________ found frequently among _______

secretors or nonsecretors ; africans

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Le (a+b+) phenotype: more frequent among _____ than whites or africans

Asians

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Lewis antigens are not expressed on _______:

Found on ______ and _______ and on other tissues
_______ to treatment with the enzymes
Reactivity of Lewis antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with ________

cord RBCs ; lymphocytes and platelets ; Resistant ; enzyme-treated RBCs

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_______ is present in. all Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b+) RBCs and on 90% of cord RBCS

Previously known as ____

Leab ; Lex

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naturally occurring

Made by Le(a-b-) persons

IgM

Anti-lea and anti-Leb: can be neutralized by the lewis substance present in plasma or saliva

LEWIS ANTIBODIES

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most commonly encountered of the lewis antibodies

Anti-Lea

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Anti-Lea is Often detected in ______, but it sometimes reacts at _____

room temperature ; 37C

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When fresh serum is tested, anti-lea may cause _______________ (often seen with enzyme-treated RBCs than with untreated RBCs)

in vitro hemolysis of incompatible RBCs

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binds complement

Anti-Leb

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_________: reacts best when both the Leb and the H antigens are present on the RBC, (group O and
A2 cells)

Anti-lebH

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_______ recognizes any Leb antigen regardless of the Abo type

Anti-LebL

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occurs mainly in Le(a-b-)

Anti-Leab

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ANO NA NEXT BLOOD GROUP?

CONTINUE LANG SIS, P BLOOD GROUP

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A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A: P1PK blood group system

P1 and Pk:

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A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A:

Globoside blood group system

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A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A:

Globoside collection (209), symbol GLOB

LKE and PX2

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1972 introduced by ________ and ________: they injected rabbits with human RBCs and produced an antibody, initially called ______, that divided human RBCs into two groups:
________

Landsteiner and Levine ; anti-P ; P+ and P-

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1951, __________ described anti-Tja (now known as ________), an antibody to high-prevalence antigen that Sanger later showed was related to the P blood group

Levine and colleagues ; anti-PP1PK

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1959 when ___________ described a new antigen, Pk

Matson and coworkers

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____________: 1965, Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

LUKE (LKE) Antigen

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P system antigens also serves as receptors for ______________ - a cause of urinary tract infections

P- fimbriated uropathogenic E.coli

__________ receptor for shiga toxins, and E.coli

Pk antigen:

____ receptor of human parvovirus B19

slightly more common in Japan, North Sweden, and in an Amish group in Ohio

P nulls (p phenotype)

P blood group antigens are resistant to _________ Reactivity of the antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with __________ Exist as _________

treatment with enzymes ; enzyme-treated RBCs ; glycosphingolipids

P and Pk: found in plasma as __________ and __________ in hydatid cyst fluid

glycosphingolipids and as glycoproteins

P1 antigen is poorly expressed at birth; may take up to _____ be fully expressed Deteriorates rapidly on storage When older RBCs are typed or used as controls for typing reagents or when older RBCs are used to detect anti-P1 in serum, _______ reactions may result

7 years ; false- negative

common, naturally occurring IgM Produced by P1-individuals Weak, cold-reactive saline agglutinin optimally reactive at 4C Antibody activity can be neutralized or inhibited with soluble P1 substance

Anti-P1

Discovery of strong anti-P1 and two P1 individuals infected with Echinocococcus granulosus tapeworms Identification of P1 and Pk substance in _________ fluid

hydatid cyst

Anti-P1 found in patients with ________ (bovine liver fluke disease) and in ________

fascioliasis ; bird handlers

originally called anti-Tja

Anti-PP1P^k

First described in the serum of Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach Her tumor cells carried P system antigens. And the antibody was credited has having cytotoxic properties that may have helped prevent a metastatic growth postsurgery ( the T in the Tj refers to tumor)

Anti-PP1P^k

Anti-PP1P^k is: Produced by _________ Naturally occurring: _____ and _____ Reacts with all RBCs except those of the _______ Efficiently bind complement, which makes them potent _______ Has the potential to cause severe ______ and ______ Associated with an increase incidence of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy

p individuals ; Igm and IgG ; p phenotype ; hemolysins ; HTRs and HDFN

In the sera of Pk individuals Potent hemolysin reacting with all cells except the autocontrol and those with the p phenotype Does not react with cells that have the extremely rare Pk phenotype, Associated with habitual early abortion

Alloanti-P/anti-P

also associated with the cold-reactive IgG autoantibody in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

Autoanti-P:

Transient, acute condition secondary to viral infectios, especially in young children

Autoanti-P:

(Autoanti-P) __________: In vitro, the antibody binds to RBCs in the cold, and , via complement activation, the coated RBCs lyse as they are warmed to 37C

Biphasic hemolysin

(Autoanti-P) Demonstrable only by the __________

Donath-Landsteiner test

ano na next teh

I blood group

1956, _____ and coworkers gave a name calling its antigen I for “individuality”

Wiener

1960, _____ and ______ reported finding anti-I

Marsh and Jenkin

Branched carbohydrate structure

linear carbohydrate structure

high prevalence antigens

I and i

(The I (027) System and I Antigen) Conditions associated with increased I antigen on RBCs include those with shortened __________ time or ________: acute leukemia, hypoplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and chronic hemolytic anemia

marrow mutation ; dyserythropoiesis

(The I (027) System and I Antigen) In Asians, the adult I phenotype has been associated with _____________

congenital cataracts

The I and i antigens are resistant to treatment with _____ and ___________

DTT and glycine-acid EDTA

common autoantibody that can be found in virtually all sera NOT associated with in vivo RBC destruction Usually a weak, naturally occurring, saline reactive IgM agglutinin

Anti-I

type that is associated w/ cold agglutinin disease consist of strong IgM agglutinins w/ high titer and a broad thermal range of activity, reacting up to 30C

Pathogenic autoanti-I

this production of autoanti-I may be stimulated by microorganisms carrying I-like antigen on their surface Patients with M.pneumoniae often develop strong cold agglutinins with I specificty

Autoanti-I

________ is a fairly rare antibody that gives strong reactions with cord RBCs and weaker reactions with I adult RBCs and Iadult RBCs and weaker reactions with I adult RBCs

Autoanti-i

(most examples of autoanti-i are:) ____ and react best with _______ cells at ___

IgM ; saline suspended ; 4C

(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY) 1965, ______ and coworkers reported a cold agglutinin in Melanesians that did not demonstrate classical I or i specificity

Curtain

(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY) 1966, ______ and colleagues confirmed these observations and described the agglutinin’s reactivity

Booth

reacted strongly with cord RBCs, weakly with normal adult RBCs, and most weakly with adult i RBCs

(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY)

(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY) transition state of i into I and designated the _______ (T for “transition”)

specificity IT

IgM IT: found in two populations: ________ and the ___________ in Venezuela

Melanesians ; Yanomama Indians

IgM and IgG anti-IT reacting preferentially at 37°C have also been found in patients with _______________, with a special association with ___________

warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia ; Hodgkin’s disease

(MNS 002 SYSTEM) began immunizing rabbits with human RBCs Among the antibodies recovered from these rabbit sera were anti-M and anti-N.

1927 -Landsteiner and Levine

(MNS 002 SYSTEM) discovered S, a distinct antigen that appeared to be genetically linked to M and N

1947 - Walsh and Montgomery

(MNS 002 SYSTEM) 1951; antithetical partner, __, was discovered

Common haplotypes in the following order of relative frequency:

Ns > Ms > MS > NS

(MNS (002) System) 1953 - Weiner : an antibody to a high-prevalence antigen, ___

observed that all U– RBCs were also S–s– resulted in the inclusion of U into the system.

Greenwalt and colleagues

(MNS (002) System) Most of these antigens are of low prevalence and were discovered in cases of ______ OR _________

HDFN or incompatible crossmatch.

MNS antigens are located on _______

chromosome 4

MNS blood group system is assigned the ISBT number ____ (symbol MNS), second after ABO.

002