OTHER BLOOD GROUPS Flashcards
On type 1 glycosphingolipids that are passively adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from the
plasma
Lewis System - 007
Lewis System - 007 is Named after one of the first individuals to make the _______, reported by Mourant in 1946
antibody
_____ and ______ result from the interaction of two fucosyltransferases encoded by independent genes,
Le and Se
Lea and Leb
LEWIS PHENOTYPES:
Le (a+b-) RBCS are from ABH _________
Le (a-b+) RBCs are from ABH _________
nonsecretors ; secretors
RBC phenotype are either ______ or ________ found frequently among _______
secretors or nonsecretors ; africans
Le (a+b+) phenotype: more frequent among _____ than whites or africans
Asians
Lewis antigens are not expressed on _______:
- Found on ______ and _______ and on other tissues
- _______ to treatment with the enzymes
- Reactivity of Lewis antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with ________
cord RBCs ; lymphocytes and platelets ; Resistant ; enzyme-treated RBCs
_______ is present in. all Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b+) RBCs and on 90% of cord RBCS
Previously known as ____
Leab ; Lex
naturally occurring
Made by Le(a-b-) persons
IgM
Anti-lea and anti-Leb: can be neutralized by the lewis substance present in plasma or saliva
LEWIS ANTIBODIES
most commonly encountered of the lewis antibodies
Anti-Lea
Anti-Lea is Often detected in ______, but it sometimes reacts at _____
room temperature ; 37C
When fresh serum is tested, anti-lea may cause _______________ (often seen with enzyme-treated RBCs than with untreated RBCs)
in vitro hemolysis of incompatible RBCs
binds complement
Anti-Leb
_________: reacts best when both the Leb and the H antigens are present on the RBC, (group O and
A2 cells)
Anti-lebH
_______ recognizes any Leb antigen regardless of the Abo type
Anti-LebL
occurs mainly in Le(a-b-)
Anti-Leab
ANO NA NEXT BLOOD GROUP?
CONTINUE LANG SIS, P BLOOD GROUP
A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A: P1PK blood group system
P1 and Pk:
A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A:
Globoside blood group system
P
A P BLOOD GROUP THAT IS A:
Globoside collection (209), symbol GLOB
LKE and PX2
1972 introduced by ________ and ________: they injected rabbits with human RBCs and produced an antibody, initially called ______, that divided human RBCs into two groups:
________
Landsteiner and Levine ; anti-P ; P+ and P-
1951, __________ described anti-Tja (now known as ________), an antibody to high-prevalence antigen that Sanger later showed was related to the P blood group
Levine and colleagues ; anti-PP1PK
1959 when ___________ described a new antigen, Pk
Matson and coworkers
____________: 1965, Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
LUKE (LKE) Antigen
P system antigens also serves as receptors for ______________ - a cause of urinary tract infections
P- fimbriated uropathogenic E.coli
__________ receptor for shiga toxins, and E.coli
Pk antigen:
____ receptor of human parvovirus B19
P:
slightly more common in Japan, North Sweden, and in an Amish group in Ohio
P nulls (p phenotype)
P blood group antigens are resistant to _________
Reactivity of the antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with __________
Exist as _________
treatment with enzymes ; enzyme-treated RBCs ; glycosphingolipids
P and Pk: found in plasma as __________ and __________ in hydatid cyst fluid
glycosphingolipids and as glycoproteins
P1 antigen is poorly expressed at birth; may take up to _____ be fully expressed
Deteriorates rapidly on storage
When older RBCs are typed or used as controls for typing reagents or when older RBCs are used to detect anti-P1 in serum, _______ reactions may result
7 years ; false-
negative
common, naturally occurring IgM
Produced by P1-individuals
Weak, cold-reactive saline agglutinin optimally reactive at 4C
Antibody activity can be neutralized or inhibited with soluble P1 substance
Anti-P1
Discovery of strong anti-P1 and two P1 individuals infected with Echinocococcus granulosus tapeworms
Identification of P1 and Pk substance in _________ fluid
hydatid cyst
Anti-P1 found in patients with ________ (bovine liver fluke disease) and in ________
fascioliasis ; bird handlers
originally called anti-Tja
Anti-PP1P^k
First described in the serum of Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Her tumor cells carried P system antigens. And the antibody was credited has having cytotoxic properties that may have helped prevent a metastatic growth postsurgery ( the T in the Tj refers to tumor)
Anti-PP1P^k
Anti-PP1P^k is:
Produced by _________
Naturally occurring: _____ and _____
Reacts with all RBCs except those of the _______
Efficiently bind complement, which makes them potent _______
Has the potential to cause severe ______ and ______
Associated with an increase incidence of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy
p individuals ; Igm and IgG ; p phenotype ; hemolysins ; HTRs and HDFN
In the sera of Pk individuals
Potent hemolysin reacting with all cells except the autocontrol and those with the p phenotype
Does not react with cells that have the extremely rare Pk phenotype,
Associated with habitual early abortion
Alloanti-P/anti-P
also associated with the cold-reactive IgG autoantibody in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)
Autoanti-P:
Transient, acute condition secondary to viral infectios, especially in young children
Autoanti-P:
(Autoanti-P)
__________: In vitro, the antibody binds to RBCs in the cold, and , via complement activation, the coated
RBCs lyse as they are warmed to 37C
Biphasic hemolysin
(Autoanti-P)
Demonstrable only by the __________
Donath-Landsteiner test
ano na next teh
I blood group
1956, _____ and coworkers gave a name calling its antigen I for “individuality”
Wiener
1960, _____ and ______ reported finding anti-I
Marsh and Jenkin
Branched carbohydrate structure
I
linear carbohydrate structure
i
high prevalence antigens
I and i
(The I (027) System and I Antigen)
Conditions associated with increased I antigen on RBCs include those with shortened __________ time or ________:
acute leukemia, hypoplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and chronic
hemolytic anemia
marrow mutation ; dyserythropoiesis
(The I (027) System and I Antigen)
In Asians, the adult I phenotype has been associated with _____________
congenital cataracts
The I and i antigens are resistant to treatment with _____ and ___________
DTT and glycine-acid EDTA
common autoantibody that can be found in virtually all sera
NOT associated with in vivo RBC destruction
Usually a weak, naturally occurring, saline reactive IgM agglutinin
Anti-I
type that is associated w/ cold agglutinin disease
consist of strong IgM agglutinins w/ high titer and a broad thermal range of activity, reacting up to 30C
Pathogenic autoanti-I
this production of autoanti-I may be stimulated by microorganisms carrying I-like antigen on their surface
Patients with M.pneumoniae often develop strong cold agglutinins with I specificty
Autoanti-I
________ is a fairly rare antibody that gives strong reactions with cord RBCs and weaker reactions with I adult RBCs and Iadult RBCs and weaker reactions with I adult RBCs
Autoanti-i
(most examples of autoanti-i are:) ____ and react best with _______ cells at ___
IgM ; saline suspended ; 4C
(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY)
1965, ______ and coworkers reported a cold agglutinin in Melanesians that did not demonstrate classical I or i specificity
Curtain
(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY)
1966, ______ and colleagues confirmed these observations and described the agglutinin’s reactivity
Booth
reacted strongly with cord RBCs, weakly with normal adult RBCs, and most weakly with adult i
RBCs
(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY)
(THE I^T ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY)
transition state of i into I and designated the _______ (T for “transition”)
specificity IT
IgM IT: found in two populations: ________ and the ___________ in Venezuela
Melanesians ; Yanomama Indians
IgM and IgG anti-IT reacting preferentially at 37°C have also been found in patients with
_______________, with a special association with ___________
warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia ; Hodgkin’s disease
(MNS 002 SYSTEM)
began immunizing rabbits with human RBCs
Among the antibodies recovered from these rabbit sera were anti-M and anti-N.
1927 -Landsteiner and Levine
(MNS 002 SYSTEM)
discovered S, a distinct antigen that appeared to be genetically linked to M and N
1947 - Walsh and Montgomery
(MNS 002 SYSTEM)
1951; antithetical partner, __, was discovered
s
Common haplotypes in the following order of relative frequency:
Ns > Ms > MS > NS
(MNS (002) System)
1953 - Weiner : an antibody to a high-prevalence antigen, ___
U
observed that all U– RBCs were also S–s– resulted in the inclusion of U into the system.
Greenwalt and colleagues
(MNS (002) System)
Most of these antigens are of low prevalence and were discovered in cases of ______ OR _________
HDFN or incompatible
crossmatch.
MNS antigens are located on _______
chromosome 4
MNS blood group system is assigned the ISBT number ____ (symbol MNS), second after ABO.
002
