Other Antibacterials Flashcards
What are the sulfonamides?
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
sulfisoxazole
sulfadiazine
What is the mechanism of the sulfonamides?
PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase. Bacteriostatic
What are the uses of the sulfonamides?
gram(+) gram (-) Nocardia Chlamydia Triple sulfas or SMX for simple UTI
What toxicities should we look for with sulfonamides?
Hypersensitvity reactions hemolysis if G6PD deficient nephrotoxicity photosensitivity kernicterus in infants displace other drugs from albumin
What is the mechanism of Trimethoprim?
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate redutase. Bacteriostatic.
What are the clinical uses of Trimethoprim?
Used in combination with sulfonamides causing sequential block of folate synthesis, combination used for UTIs
What are the toxicities to look for with Trimethoprim?
Megaloblastic anemia
leukopenia
granulocytopenia
What are the flouroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin
levofloxacin
ofloxacin
What is the mechanism of the flouroquinolones?
They inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV. Bactericidal. Must not be taken with antacids.
What are the toxicities to look out for with the flouroquinolones?
Fluoroquinolones hurt attachments to your bones.
What is the mechanism of Metronidazole?
Forms free radical toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA. Bactericidal, antiprotozoal.
What are the clinical uses of Metronidazole?
Treats Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardnerella vaginalis Anaerobes Used with a proton pump inhibitor and clarithromycin for "triple therapy" against H. Pylori.
