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ID > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of Zanamivir, Oseltamivir?

A

Inhibit influenza neuraminidase, decreasing the release of progeny virus.

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2
Q

What are the clinical uses of Zanamivir, Oseltamivir?

A

Treatment and prevention of both influenza A and B.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of Rivavirin?

A

Inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase.

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4
Q

What are the clinical uses of Ribavirin?

A

RSV, chronic hepatitis C

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5
Q

What are the toxicities we should look out for with Ribavirin?

A

Hemolytic anemia. Severe teratogen.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of Acyclovir?

A

Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. Guanosine analog. Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes. Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination.

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7
Q

What are the clinical uses of Acyclovir?

A

HSV and VZV. No effects on latent forms of HSV and VZV. Valacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir, has better oral bioavailability. For herpes zoster, use a related agent famciclovir.

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8
Q

What are the toxicities we should look out for with Ribavirin?

A

Few serious side effects.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of Ganciclovir?

A

5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase. Guanosine analog. Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases. Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase.

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10
Q

What are the clinical uses of Ganciclovir?

A

CMV, especially in immunocompromised patients. Valganciclovir, a prodrug of ganciclovir, has better bioavailability.

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11
Q

What are the toxicities that we should look out for with Ganciclovir?

A

Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity. More toxic to host enzymes than acyclovir.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of Foscarnet?

A

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme. Does not require activation by viral kinase.

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13
Q

What are the clinical uses of Foscarnet?

A

CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir resistant HSV.

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14
Q

What are the toxicities we should be aware of with Foscarnet?

A

Nephrotoxicity.

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of Cidofovir?

A

Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Does not require phosphorylation by viral kinase.

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16
Q

What are the clinical uses of Cidofovir?

A

CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients; acyclovir-resistant HSV. Long half-life.

17
Q

What are the toxicities we should be aware of for Cidofovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity.

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