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Antibiotics > other abc classes > Flashcards

other abc classes Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of FQs

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
bacteriocidal

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2
Q

MOA of daptomycin ( cubicin)

A

uses calcium and inserts itself into bacterial membranes-causes lysis of permeability to intracellular ions

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3
Q

MOA of TMP/SMX

A

inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid therefore bacterial cell division is stopped/slowed
bacteriocidal & synergistic
inhibits CYP2C9-CAUTION WITH WARFIN

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4
Q

MOA of metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

in presence of anaerobic bacteria that chemically reduce the nitro group creating an unstable intermediate compound (free radical)-toxic
-binds to DNA and inhibits synthesis
bacteriocidal
used for UTI’s

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5
Q

MAO of Macrobid, Macrodantin

A

interferes with metabolism & cell wall synthesis by inhibiting several bacteria enzymes systems

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6
Q

IV/PO uses for FQs

A 
CAP
complicated/uncomplicated UTI
prostatitis
soft tissue infection
Crohn's disease
Bone penetration (i.e. osteomyelitits)
intracellular concentration
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7
Q

3 FQ’s for corneal ulcers

A

Cipro
levofloxacin
Ofloxacin

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8
Q

Otic use of FQs

A

acute otitis media
otitis externa
chronic supporative otitis media

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9
Q

SE of Fq’s

A

QT prolongation
seizure risk if coadministered with NSAIDS
Tendon injury/rupture
All preg C and Lactation L3
do not mix with di- & trivalent cations (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg) within 2hrs

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10
Q

issues with Cipro

A

CYP1A2 inhibitor

not good for strep pneumonia

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11
Q

dosage of Cipro

A

PO/IV Adults: 500 mg PO BID or 400mg IV BID
Peds: 20-30mg/kg PO BID or
Cystic fibrosis patients: 6-10 mg/kg BID IV

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12
Q

Norfloxacin (Noroxin) dosage

A

adults only 400mg PO BID

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13
Q

ofloxacin (Floxin)

A

adults only 200-400 PO BID

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14
Q

levofloxacin (Levaquin) dosage

A

PO/IV 250-750 mg QD

CAP 750 QD

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15
Q

moxifloxacin (Avelox) dosage and issues

A

PO/IV 400 mg QD
not for UTI’s
possible QT prolongation

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16
Q

Gemifloxacin (Factive) dosage and issues

A

Adults: 320-640 mg PO QD
Peds: 5-10 mg/kg QD; not recommended

not for UTI

17
Q

Cipro HC Otic issue

A

**not sterile-not to use if tympanic membrane ruptured!

otitis externa

18
Q

Ciprofloxacin Otic (Cetraxal)

A

acute otitis media externe due to p. aeruginosa, staph aureus

19
Q

Daptomycin (cubicin) dosage and issues

A

Adults IV only

  • used for complicated skin structure infections (MRSA, vanco-sensitive enter faecalis, s.aureus, r-sided endocarditis)
  • monitor CK levels and s/s of myopathy
20
Q

Daptomycin does not provide coverage for

A

gram negative bacteria

CAP-lung surfactant inactivates drug

21
Q

Issues with Flagyl

A

Contraindicated 1st trimester
avoid alcohol-disulfiram-like reaction
interaction with warfarin

22
Q

SE of TMP/SMX

A

-TMP-Treats Marrow Poorly-bone marrow suppression
-avoid 1st trimester or Breastfeeding bc sulfa can displace bilirubin=kernicterus
-avoid in G6PD deficiency
drink fluids-can precipitate
pancreatitis, avoid sun

23
Q

uses of Bactrim

A

UTI, otitis media, PJP, travelers diarrhea, shigella, chronic prostatitis, nocadiosis,
DOC for VAP caused by stenotrophomas

24
Q

Uses of Daptsone and issues

A

alternative for Bactrim allergy for PJP and T. gonadii
M. leprae: uses 400-600 QD
CI for G6PD deficiency-cause hemolysis and methemoglobinemia

25
Q

issues with Macrobid/Macrodantin

A
  • Caution with G6PD deficiency-cause hemolytic anemia
  • Avoid if CrCl <60 ml/min
  • longer than 6 month associated with pulmonary toxicity
  • severe/irreversible neuropathy
  • avoid in pregnancy-38-42 wks, during labor, & delivery bc may cause hemolytic anemia in infants
26
Q

first line anti tubercular drugs

A 
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
27
Q

Second line anti-TB drugs

*mainly MDR-Tb

A 
Ethinamide
Para-aminosalicyclic acid
Cycloserine
capreomycin
kanamycin
28
Q

issues with Isoniazid

A
  • INH=Injures Neurons & Hepatocytes
  • hepatitis-not for alcoholics, pregnant women, elderly
  • penetrates CNS and depletes pyridoxine (Vit B6)-can cause neuropathies therefore replace
29
Q

“R” for Rifampin

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor
red urine/fluids
ramps or revs up enzymes
rapid resistance when used alone

30
Q

issues with rifampin

A

potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (warfarin, oral contraceptives, anti-convulsants)-increase these meds while on RIF

31
Q

issues of Ethambutol

A

optic neuritis-need slit lamp and red/green discrimination
hyperuricemia
rash
anaphylaxis

32
Q

Meds associated with the development of hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency

A
  • chloroquine
  • dapsone
  • nitrofurantoin (macrobid, macrodantin)
  • primaquine phosphate
  • rasburicase (elitek)
  • Bactrim

Antibiotics (7 decks)

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