Bacteria Classification Flashcards
gram +
encapsulated
releases IgA protease
steptococcus pneumoniae
group A Beta-hemolytic strep gram + bacitracin sensitive releases erythrogenic toxin causes:Scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, impetigo
streptococcus pyogenes
Group B beta-hemolytic strep
gram +
bacitracin resistant
causes: pneumonia, sepsis, meningitiis in babies
steptococcus agalactiae
gram +
catalase/coagulase +
releases super antigen that causes toxic shock syndrome
staphylococcus aureaus
gram +cocci
catalse +/ coagulase -
novobiocin sensitive
infects prosthetic devices and catheters
staphylococcus epidermidis
gram +
catalse +
novobiocin resistant
affects prostitutes
staphylococcus saphyticus
gram +
vaginal vault
lactobacillus species
gram + anaerobic
affects newborns and older patients ( over 65yr-causes meningitis
add ampicillin
listeria monocytogenes
gram + bacilli
has high lips content in cell wall
requires acid fast stain
affects immunocompromised patients particularly HIV/AIDS pts with CD4 counts <50 cells/mm3
mycobacterium avium complex
gram + bacilli inhibits release of Ach at NMJ botox causes constipation and paralysis treat with trivalent antitoxin
clostridium botulinum
gram + bacilli
exo toxin blocks glycine release from Renshaw cells
give anti-toxin
TDP vaccine
clostridium tetani
causes myconecrosis and hemolysis
clostridum perfringens
gram +
produces cytotoxin that klills entrerocyte
associated with Clinda/Lincomycin use
treatment: flagyl for mild-mod infection
vanco PO for severe +/- IV flagyl
fidaxomicin
clostridium difficile
Ex of gram neg cocci
neisseria meningitidis
neisseria gonorrhea
moraxilla catarrhalis
3 causes of meningitis for 60 yr +
step pneumonia
e.coli
listeria monocytogenes
3 causes of meningitis for newborns
group B step
e.coli
listeria monocytogenes
3 causes of meningitis for children 6months-6 yrs
strep pneumonia
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenza type B
3 atypical organism
chlamydia pneumonia
legionella pneumophila
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Organisms that cause pneumonia in alcoholics
strep. pneumonia
klebsiella pneumonia
staph areus
4 ex of encapsulated bacteria
streptococcus pneumonia
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenza
klebsiella
aerobic gram -
causes upper/lower reap infection, CAP, otitis media
Haemophilus influenza
gram - aerobic
associated with burns, cystic fibrosis, otitis externs, ventilators, hot-tub folliculitis
produces pyocyanin-blue-green color
pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram - aerobic
intracellular
requires silver stain in lab
give macroglydes
legionella pneumophila
walking pneumonia is caused by?
**use macrocodes or tetracycline
mycoplasma pneumonia
4 causes of cellulitis
staph aureaus
staph epidermitis
strep pyogenes
candida albicans
travelers diarrhea
enterotoxigenic e.coli
causes HUS
from uncooked beef
e.coli 0157: H7
gram - rod
transmitted fecal-oral
associated with GBS
treat with azitromycin
campylobacter jejuni
comma-shaped rods
causes rice water diarrhea
produces enterotoxin that permanently activates Gs
treatment: doxycycline or FGs
vitro cholerae
enterocolitis in children-daycare
causes granulomatous microabscesses-stimulate “acute appendicitis” (pseudo appendicitis)
treatment: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
yersinia enterocolitica
are enzymes that confer resistance to most beta-lactam abx
extended beta-lactamases
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bordatella pertussis Legionella pneumophila Haemophilus influenza Acinetobacter baumannii/calcoaceticus Serratia marcescens-facultative anaerobe
Gram negative bacilli
Aerobic
Cellulitis MSSA treated with
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Cephalexin
Treat strep pyogenes cellulitis with
Pcn, cephalexin, erythromycin, Vanco
Treatment of vibrio cholerae
Doxycycline or FQs
Treatment of yersinia enterocolitica (daycare)
TMP/SMX
4 Cause of meningitis in 6yr-60 yrs
N. Meningitidis
Enterovirus
Strep pneumoniae
HSV
This bacteria produces extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) that cause resistance to cephs and aztreonam
Klebsiella species
Susceptible to carbapenems
Mechanism of resistance of MRSA
Produce Pcn binding protein 2A (encoded by mecA gene) that reduces the affinity for beta lactam abx
Hospital acquired MRSA are resistant to
Macro glides Aminoglycosides FQs Tetracyclines Sulfinamides
IV Drugs for HA-MRSA
Vanco Telavancin Daptomycin Zyvox Quinopristin-dalfopristin Tigercycline Ceftaroline
Po drugs for mrsa
Minocycline Doxycycline TMP/SMX +RIf Clindamycin Zyvox
IV drugs for multi drug resistant pseudomonas aeroguinosa
Amino glycosides Zosyn Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid Ceftrazidime Cefepime Imipenem/cilastatin Meropenem Doripenem Colistin-given via nebulizer
Po drugs for MDR pseudo aeroguinosa
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Cipro
Levaquin High doses
