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RIA - RENAL > other > Flashcards

other Flashcards

1
Q

what is the investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy?

A

micturating cystography

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2
Q

example of coagulase negative staphylococcal species?

A

staphylococcus epideermis

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3
Q

most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysiS… AND why ?

A

staphylococcus epidermis

pathogen colonises the skin & hands and patient or the carer will then contaminate the dialysis equiptment

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4
Q

what tests should be conducted in a patient with suspected anaemia of chronic disease secondary to CKD?

A

follow up iron studies

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5
Q

most common viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients?

A

CMV

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6
Q

side effects of EPO

A
  • Bone aches
  • flu like symptoms
  • skin rashes
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7
Q

2 episodes of painless frank haematuria - how should this be investigated?

A

Urgent 2 week wait referral on cancer pathway

Cystoscopy

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8
Q

what is gold standard for bladder cancer?

A

cystoscopy

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9
Q

acid base imbalance seen in salicylic acid overdose (aspirin)

A

Mixed resp alkalosis & metabolic acidosis & raised anion gap due to circulating salicylic acid

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10
Q

symptoms caused by amitriptyline overdose?

A

dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, flushing. tachycardia

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11
Q

hereditary cause of diabetes insipidue?

A

hereditary haemochromatosis

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12
Q

5 causes of persistent non visible haematuria

A
  • Cancer
  • Stones
  • BPH
  • Prostatitis
  • Urethritis
  • Renal cause: IgA nephropathy
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13
Q

what lab test is rhabdomyolysis characterised by?

A

raised plasma creatine kinase

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14
Q

medication causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

lithium

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15
Q

which type of DI responds to exogenous ADH?

A

cranial does

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16
Q

why is nephrotic syndrome associated with a hypercoagulable state?

A

due to loss of antithrombin 3 via kidneys

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17
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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18
Q

what group of medx can cause acute intersitial nephritis (3)

A

NSADIs e.g. diclofenac

salicylates

ACEi

DIuretics

19
Q

loop diuretic to prevent formation of ascites in patients with chronic liver diasease?

A

Aldosterone antagonists e.g. spironolactone

20
Q

which nephrotic syndrome may be assocuated with Lupus

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

21
Q

potassium requirement for maintainance fluids?

A

1 mmol/kg/day

22
Q

what is the prognosis for minimal change disease?

A

1/3 = infreq relapses

2/3 = later recurrent episodes

23
Q

how are maintenance fluids for children given?

A

100 ml for every kg up to 10 kg

50 ml for every kg between 10 and 20kg

20 ml for every subsequent kg from 20kg up

24
Q

what is hyperacute transplant rejection caused by?

A

pre existing antibodies against ABO or HLA antigens

25
Q

what are the eGFR variables used in the formula Modification of Diet in Renal disease equation?

A

CAGE

  • serum Creatinine
  • Age
  • gender
  • Ethnicity
26
Q

what is used as vitamin D supplement in End stage renal disease and why?

A

Alfacalcidol because it does not require activation in the kidneys

27
Q

sodium levels in prerenal uraemia?

A

sodium levels are high because the kidneys hold onto the sodium

28
Q

what is the screening test for adult polycystic kidney disease?

A

Ultrasound abdomen

29
Q

name some features of HSP

A

IgA mediated small vessel vasculitis

  • palpable purupuric rash
  • abdominal pain
  • polyarthritis
30
Q

features of IgA nephropathy (2)

A
  • haematuria

- renal failrue

31
Q

criteria to refer to nephrologist in relation to declining kidney function:

A

1) eGFR < 30
2) eGFR fall by more than 15 in a year
3) eGFR fall of 25% or more in a year

32
Q

criteria to refer to nephrologist in relation to ACR

A

1) ACR of 70 or more

2) ACR of 30 or more & persistent haematuria (w/ exclusion of UTI)

33
Q

what causes of AKI does a positive protein on urine dip rule out?

A

pre renal and post renal causes

34
Q

how to differentiate between ATN & acute intersitial nephritis as causes of AKI?

A

Acute intersitial nephritis - is an inflammatory process therefore WCC in in urine

ATN - urine would have no cellular component

35
Q

urine dipstick finding in glomerulonephritis

A

haematauria

36
Q

most likely cause of death for patient with CKD on haemodialysis

A

IHD

37
Q

mechanism of thiazide diuretics & example

A

e.g. bendroflumethiazide, indapamide

inhibit Na reabsorption at the beginning of the DCT resulting in na, k and Cl excretion

38
Q

mechanism of loop diuretics & example

A

-e.g. furosemide, bumetanide

Inhibit NaCl in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle resulting in a decreased absorption of NaCl

39
Q

e.g. of osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

reduces brain volume and ICP by extracing H20 form the tissue into the blood

40
Q

e.g. of aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

41
Q

what lactate level should you give IV 500mls NaCl 0.9% STAT

A

lactate above 2

42
Q

what is electrolyte requirement in maintainenance fluids?

A

1mmol/kg/day of Na, K & Cl

43
Q

maintainence fluid requirement of Glucose

A

50-100g/day

44
Q

daily adult fluid requirements water

A

25-30 ml/kg/day

RIA - RENAL (7 decks)

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