other Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

what is the investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy?

A

micturating cystography

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2
Q

example of coagulase negative staphylococcal species?

A

staphylococcus epideermis

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3
Q

most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysiS… AND why ?

A

staphylococcus epidermis

pathogen colonises the skin & hands and patient or the carer will then contaminate the dialysis equiptment

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4
Q

what tests should be conducted in a patient with suspected anaemia of chronic disease secondary to CKD?

A

follow up iron studies

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5
Q

most common viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients?

A

CMV

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6
Q

side effects of EPO

A
  • Bone aches
  • flu like symptoms
  • skin rashes
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7
Q

2 episodes of painless frank haematuria - how should this be investigated?

A

Urgent 2 week wait referral on cancer pathway

Cystoscopy

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8
Q

what is gold standard for bladder cancer?

A

cystoscopy

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9
Q

acid base imbalance seen in salicylic acid overdose (aspirin)

A

Mixed resp alkalosis & metabolic acidosis & raised anion gap due to circulating salicylic acid

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10
Q

symptoms caused by amitriptyline overdose?

A

dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, flushing. tachycardia

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11
Q

hereditary cause of diabetes insipidue?

A

hereditary haemochromatosis

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12
Q

5 causes of persistent non visible haematuria

A
  • Cancer
  • Stones
  • BPH
  • Prostatitis
  • Urethritis
  • Renal cause: IgA nephropathy
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13
Q

what lab test is rhabdomyolysis characterised by?

A

raised plasma creatine kinase

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14
Q

medication causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

lithium

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15
Q

which type of DI responds to exogenous ADH?

A

cranial does

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16
Q

why is nephrotic syndrome associated with a hypercoagulable state?

A

due to loss of antithrombin 3 via kidneys

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17
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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18
Q

what group of medx can cause acute intersitial nephritis (3)

A

NSADIs e.g. diclofenac

salicylates

ACEi

DIuretics

19
Q

loop diuretic to prevent formation of ascites in patients with chronic liver diasease?

A

Aldosterone antagonists e.g. spironolactone

20
Q

which nephrotic syndrome may be assocuated with Lupus

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

21
Q

potassium requirement for maintainance fluids?

A

1 mmol/kg/day

22
Q

what is the prognosis for minimal change disease?

A

1/3 = infreq relapses

2/3 = later recurrent episodes

23
Q

how are maintenance fluids for children given?

A

100 ml for every kg up to 10 kg

50 ml for every kg between 10 and 20kg

20 ml for every subsequent kg from 20kg up

24
Q

what is hyperacute transplant rejection caused by?

A

pre existing antibodies against ABO or HLA antigens

25
what are the eGFR variables used in the formula Modification of Diet in Renal disease equation?
CAGE - serum Creatinine - Age - gender - Ethnicity
26
what is used as vitamin D supplement in End stage renal disease and why?
Alfacalcidol because it does not require activation in the kidneys
27
sodium levels in prerenal uraemia?
sodium levels are high because the kidneys hold onto the sodium
28
what is the screening test for adult polycystic kidney disease?
Ultrasound abdomen
29
name some features of HSP
IgA mediated small vessel vasculitis - palpable purupuric rash - abdominal pain - polyarthritis
30
features of IgA nephropathy (2)
- haematuria | - renal failrue
31
criteria to refer to nephrologist in relation to declining kidney function:
1) eGFR < 30 2) eGFR fall by more than 15 in a year 3) eGFR fall of 25% or more in a year
32
criteria to refer to nephrologist in relation to ACR
1) ACR of 70 or more | 2) ACR of 30 or more & persistent haematuria (w/ exclusion of UTI)
33
what causes of AKI does a positive protein on urine dip rule out?
pre renal and post renal causes
34
how to differentiate between ATN & acute intersitial nephritis as causes of AKI?
Acute intersitial nephritis - is an inflammatory process therefore WCC in in urine ATN - urine would have no cellular component
35
urine dipstick finding in glomerulonephritis
haematauria
36
most likely cause of death for patient with CKD on haemodialysis
IHD
37
mechanism of thiazide diuretics & example
e.g. bendroflumethiazide, indapamide inhibit Na reabsorption at the beginning of the DCT resulting in na, k and Cl excretion
38
mechanism of loop diuretics & example
-e.g. furosemide, bumetanide Inhibit NaCl in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle resulting in a decreased absorption of NaCl
39
e.g. of osmotic diuretic
Mannitol reduces brain volume and ICP by extracing H20 form the tissue into the blood
40
e.g. of aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone | eplerenone
41
what lactate level should you give IV 500mls NaCl 0.9% STAT
lactate above 2
42
what is electrolyte requirement in maintainenance fluids?
1mmol/kg/day of Na, K & Cl
43
maintainence fluid requirement of Glucose
50-100g/day
44
daily adult fluid requirements water
25-30 ml/kg/day