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RIA - RENAL > confusing kidney stof > Flashcards

confusing kidney stof Flashcards

1
Q

triad of Nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • Peripheral oedema
  • heavy proteinuria more than 3.5g/24 hours (frothy urine)
  • Hypoalbuminaemia
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2
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

minimal change disease

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3
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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4
Q

what is IgA nephropathy also known as?

A

Berger’s disease

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5
Q

what does histology on Bergers disease/IgA nephropathy show?

A

IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation

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6
Q

Overall most common type of glomerulonephritis?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

what does histology show for membranous Glomerulonephritis

A

IgG & complement deposits on basement membrane

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8
Q

what syndrome is associated with anti-GBM antibodies?

A

Good pastures syndrome

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9
Q

acute kidney failure & haemoptysis =

A

Good pastures syndrome

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10
Q

Which vasculitis is associated with ANCA?

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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11
Q

wheeze, sinusitis & saddle shaped nose =

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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12
Q

histology shown in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Nephritic syndrome quadad?

A
  • Haematuria
  • Oliguria
  • Proteinuria
  • Hypertension
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14
Q

4 common causes of Nephritic syndrome

A
  • Post strep glomerulonephritis
  • Lupus nephritis
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Small vessel vasculitis
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15
Q

rare genetic hereditary nephropathy due to mutation to gene encoding type 4 collagen?

A

Alports syndrome

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16
Q

where is type 4 collagen affected in alports and what does this result in (3)

A

1) Glomerulus –> nephritic syndrome
2) Eye –> anterior lenticonus –> no red reflex
3) Cochlea –> bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

17
Q

what is typical presentation of IgA nephropathy?

A

Young adult with haematuria following a UTI 3 days ago

18
Q

describe the pathophysiology behind IgA Nephropathy

A

patient has an infection –> build up of IgA immune complexes –> these deposit in the mesangium (within Bowmans capsule) –> compliment activation causing proinflam cytokines & macrophages –> glomerular injury –> haematuria

19
Q

what is Anti-GBM/Good pastures syndrome characterised by?

A

Formation of anti-GBM antibodies against type 4 collagen in lungs & kidneys

20
Q

what is the genetic link to Anti GBM?

A

HLA DR15 gives genetic susceptibility

21
Q

what type hypersensitivity reaction is Good pastures & why

A

type 2

compliment system is activated

22
Q

which glomerulonephritis has histological finding of crescents?

A

Anti-GBM/Good pastures

23
Q

name 3 ANCA associated vasculitis

A

1) Microscopic polyangitis
2) Granulomatosis with polyangitis
3) Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

24
Q

another name for Granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

25
Q

another name for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

26
Q

ENT involvement in GPA (Granulomatosis with polyangitis)

A
  • Nasal crusting
  • Rhinosinusitis
  • Earache & otitis media
  • Nasal discharge
  • Polychondritis
  • Sensorineural hearing loss
27
Q

neurological involvement seen in Microscopic polyangitis>

A
  • Mononeuritis multiplex
  • sensory neuropathy
  • cranial nerve abnormalities
28
Q

management of GPA

A

immunosuppression to achieve long term disease remisson

29
Q

what is a characteristic vasculitis rash?

A

palpable purpura, lower limbs

30
Q

3 best blood tests for Lupus?

A
  • Anti-dsDNA
  • compliment - raised C3 & C4
  • ESR raised & normal CRP
31
Q

what can lupus nephritis progress to? (2)

A
  • Slowly progress to CKD
    or
  • Rapidly progress to glomerulonephritis
32
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Minimal change

33
Q

what infections does Post strep glomerulonephritis usually present after & time frames ? (2)

A

6 weeks after skin infection impetigo

or

1-2 weeks after pharyngitis

34
Q

what is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease characterised by?

A

multiple renal cysts and progressive renal impairment

35
Q

the chromosomes linked to gene PKD 1+2 in polycystic kidney disease?

A

PKD1 = chromosome 16

PKD2 = chromosome 4

36
Q

how is the diagnosis of ADPKD made?

A

Ultrasound imaging with identification of multiple bilateral renal cysts

37
Q

Tolvaptan mechanism?

A

vasopressin receptor antagonist

38
Q

medication that can slow the development of cysts & progression of renal failure in polycystic kidney disease?

A

Tolvaptan

RIA - RENAL (7 decks)

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