other Flashcards
T/F DNBI takes more soldiers out of the fight than the enemy
T
DNBI
disease and non battle injuries
epidemiology
study of disease occurences
3 links by which disease transmitted
reservoir (source)
vehicle (mode of trans via direct or indirect)
Host (susceptible person, becomes host later)
Anthopophilic
transmitted from person to person
Zoonotic
transmited from animal to person
reverse zoonotic
trans from person to animal
geophilic
trans from soil or non living to person
Vector
carrier that is usually arthropodor rodent (can be human) that transmits causative organisms of disease from infected to non infected individuals
mortality rate
number of peopl who die from a disease in a specific population
case fatality rate
number people sick w/ a specific disease that die
endemic
constant in 1 area
epidemic
occurence in a community or region of an outbreak, clearly in excess of expectations
The time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from anthropophilic or zoonotic
Communicable period
A person or animal that harbors and actively transmits a disease. Has an active infection, but may not show signs and symptoms. (typhoid mary)
What is a carrier?
What is the carrier for the plague?
Flea (feces- internal vector borne)
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object which can transmit disease
What is a reservoir?
The source of the disease, on which the infectious agent lives and depends on, and reproduces itself in a manner that is can be transmitted. (anthropophilic, zoonotic, geophilic)
Vehicle?
Mode of disease transmission, either through direct or indirect
What is direct transmission?
Contact, aerosol drops (sneezing/coughing), body fluids
What is the number one cause of respiratory infection?
Aerosol drops
What is indirect transmission?
Vehicle, fomite or vector borne
either external or internal
The filth fly transmits indirectly using what methods?
External (by landing) and Internal (by regurgitation)
Scabies burrowing in skin and defecating is an example of which type of Indirect transmission?
Internal harborage (Infective agent is not altered)
Anopheles mosquito vectoring malaria is an example of which type of indirect transmission?
Internal biological (infective agent is altered by to vector to transmit to humans)
A vector transmitting from one person to another is what type of infection?
Horizontal
A mother transmitting to her unborn child is what type of infection?
Lateral
What is a host?
Someone who does not possess the resistance needed to fend off a disease.
What is a way to prevent many diseases?
Personal Hygiene combined with personal protective measures
What is Isolation?
Separation of infected person during the period of communicability
What is Quarantine?
Restriction of activity of well person or animals who have been exposed to a communicable disease during the communicable period
What are methods of environmental sanitation?
Safeguard food and water
Proper waste disposal
Control insects and animals
What is contamination?
Presence of infectious agent on different surfaces
What is cleaning?
Removal of infectious agent by washing with hot soap and water
What is disinfection?
Killing the infectious agent with bleach or chlorine
What PPM of bleach to disinfect drinking water?
2-3 ppm
What PPM of bleach to disinfect surfaces?
10ppm
What will immunizations reduce?
Host susceptibility
What is chemoprophylaxis?
Administration of drugs to prevent and eliminate transmission
How is typhoid transmitted?
Contaminated water/food Shellfish Raw fruits and vegetables grown in infected soil Dairy products Flies
chain of infection
resevoir to vehicle to host
typhoid resevoir
man
rarely domestic
animals
