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b3 > High ALt > Flashcards

High ALt Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most significant types of altitude illnesses?

A

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

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2
Q

What are the altitude classifications?

A

High altitude -5,000 to 11,500ft
Very high altitude -11,500 to 18,000ft
Extreme altitude -18,000+ ft

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3
Q

What range does AMS occur in?

A

5,000-11,500ft

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4
Q

What range does HAPE & HACE begin?

A

11,500-18,000ft

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of altitude illness in soldiers?

A

Rapid ascent

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6
Q

Should you give short-acting benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for altitude illness?

A

NO

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7
Q

T or F. Everyone becomes tachycardic, w/o exceptions at altitude?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What is the primary risk factor for high-altitude illness?

A

Rapid ascent

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9
Q

What is a secondary risk factor of high-altitude illness?

A

Strenuous exertion on arrival

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10
Q

Is physical fitness protective against high-altitude illness?

A

NO

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11
Q

When does Acute Mountain Sickness usually occur?

A

36-48hrs

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12
Q

S&S of AMS?

A

Similar to an alcoholic hangover
Unrelieved headache
Rales
Edema of face, hands & ankles

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13
Q

Medications for AMS?

A

Diamox (acetazolamide)

Decadron (dexamethasone)

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14
Q

What is a concern with Decadron (dexamethasone)?

A

Rebound affect

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15
Q

How fast can HACE progress to coma & death?

A

12 hours

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16
Q

S&S of HACE?

A

Altered mental status
Ataxia (gait)
Papilledema

17
Q

Treatment for HACE?

A

Descend (>3,000ft)
O2
Diamox (acetaxolamide)

18
Q

When does HAPE normally occur?

A

2-4 days

19
Q

S&S of HAPE?

A

Dyspnea at rest
Chest tightness
Rales or Wheezing
Pink frothy sputum

20
Q

DDx of HAPE?

A

Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolus
High-altitude cough

21
Q

Treatment of HAPE?

A

Descend (>3,000ft)
Procardia (nifedipine)
Viagra (sildenafil)

22
Q

Sleep disturbances and periodic breathing at high altitude will correct as person acclimatizes if they avoid?

A

Smoking
Sedatives
ETOH

23
Q

What is another name for ultraviolet keratitis?

A

Snowblindness

24
Q

S&S of ultraviolet keratitis?

A

Severe, gritty sensation

25
Q

Treatment for ultraviolet keratitis?

A

Remove contacts
Single dose of topical anesthetic
Mydriatic-cyclopegic

26
Q

What meds are not indicated for ultraviolet keratitis?

A

Tetracaine

Steroids

27
Q

What altitude is high-altitude retinal hemorrhage nearly universal at?

A

> 17,000ft

28
Q

T or F. High-altitude retinal hemorrhage is asymptomatic if macula is not involved?

A

TRUE

29
Q

Prevention for high-altitude hemorrhage?

A

Ascend 1,000ft/day
Spend 2-3 days at same altitude
Climb high, sleep low

30
Q

S&S of thromboembolis?

A

Calf pain

Homan’s sign

31
Q

What is Homan’s sign?

A

Calf pain w/dorsiflex of the foot

32
Q

What is the altitude inside a Gamow bag at 14,000ft?

A

7,000ft

b3 (8 decks)

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