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b3 > COLD WEATHER > Flashcards

COLD WEATHER Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take flesh to freeze?

A

30 min

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2
Q

What are the types of normal warming defenses?

A

Behavioral temperature regulation

Physiological temperature regulation

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3
Q

What are some types of physiological temperature regulation?

A 
Heat conservation (vasoconstriction)
Heat production
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4
Q

What are some types of heat production?

A

Shivering
Metabolism
Exercise

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5
Q

What is paradoxical undressing?

A

Vasoconstriction ceases and warm blood flows back through the body and creates a feeling of being hot

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6
Q

What are the types of cold weather injuries?

A

Hypothermia
Freezing cold injuries
Non-freezing cold injuries

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7
Q

What are the freezing cold injuries?

A

Frost bite

Frost nip

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8
Q

What are the non-freezing cold injuries?

A 
Trench foot (immersion foot)
Chilblain (pernio)
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9
Q

The condition of having a sub-normal body temperature (<95*F)?

A

Hypothermia

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10
Q

Are freezing temperatures necessary to cause hypothermia?

A

No

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11
Q

What is the key to treating frostbite?

A

Treat the hypothermia FIRST

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12
Q

What is the most accurate body temp location?

A

Rectal

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13
Q

What is the range of a subnormal thermometer?

A

77-104*

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14
Q

What is the body temperature of hypothermia?

A

<95*F

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15
Q

Treatment for hypothermia?

A

Remove wet clothes
Maintain horizontal position
Fluids

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16
Q

What can happen if you don’t handle a hypothermia patient gently?

A

Dysrhythmias

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17
Q

What kind of fluids should you give to a hypothermic patient?

A

Sweet fluids orally if awake

Warm 5% dextrose in NS IV

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18
Q

What is the core temp of mild hypothermia?

A

95-90*F

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19
Q

Presentation of mild hypothermia?

A

Shivering
Apathy or Moodiness
Stumbling

20
Q

What is the core temp of moderate hypothermia?

A

90-81*F

21
Q

Presentation of moderate hypothermia?

A

Loss of shivering reflex
Cardiac arrhythmias
Paradoxical undressing

22
Q

What is the core temp of severe hypothermia?

A

<81*F

23
Q

Presentation of severe hypothermia?

A

Neurologic abnormalities
Significant hypotension
Absent neurologic reflexes

24
Q

Should you give O2 to hypothermic patients?

A

Only if heated > 99*F

25
Q

Should you give a hypothermic patient meds?

A

Only if temp is above 86*F

26
Q

What are the types of rewarming?

A

Passive external
Active external
Core

27
Q

What are some passive external re-warming techniques?

A

Cover w/dry insulating materials
Block wind
Keep dry

28
Q

What are some active external re-warming techniques?

A

Heat packs or hot water bottles to neck, axilla & groin

Immerse in warm bath

29
Q

Should you rub or massage cold extremities to re-warm?

A

NO

30
Q

Examples of core re-warming?

A

Heated O2 (104-113F)
Heated IV solutions (104-107.6F)
Lavage w/warm fluids

31
Q

What is another name for first degree frostbite?

A

Frost nip

32
Q

S&S of frostnip?

A

No tissue loss
Numbness
White & Frozen

33
Q

Does first degree frostbite present w/blisters?

A

NO

34
Q

S&S of second degree frostbite (superficial)?

A

Superficial blisters

Erythema & edema around blisters

35
Q

S&S of third degree frostbite (deep)?

A

Extends into muscle & beyond

Hemorrhagic blisters

36
Q

When should you not thaw a frost bite injury?

A

If there is a chance of refreezing

Feet if they must walk

37
Q

Should you re-warm an injury over an open flame?

A

NO

38
Q

Should you rub snow on the injury?

A

NO

39
Q

Care of a frostbite injury?

A

Re-warm 15-20min
Aloe q6h
Debride white blisters
Elevate

40
Q

What is the most common error in frostbite management?

A

Debriding too early

41
Q

How long should you wait to debride mummified tissue?

A

4-8 weeks

42
Q

What temperatures do non-freezing cold injuries occur at?

A

32-50F

43
Q

What is another name for chilblains?

A

Pernio

44
Q

Should you break blisters, apply lotions, massage, expose to heat or allow to walk on injury for trench foot?

A

NO

45
Q

Treatment for trench foot?

A

Re-warm w/body heat
Clean & wrap loosely
Elevate

46
Q

What is another name for trench foot?

A

Immersion foot

47
Q

T or F. one does not acclimatize to the cold, but rather accommodates or habituates?

A

TRUE

b3 (8 decks)

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