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Micro > Other > Flashcards

Other Flashcards

1
Q

gram stain steps

A
  1. heat fix and stain cells with crystal violet
  2. modify with K iodine solution, decolorize with alcohol
  3. counter stain with safranin
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2
Q

atypicals are treated with

A

tetracycline

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3
Q

waves of colonization

A
  1. birth
  2. adolesence
  3. menopause
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4
Q

normal skin bacteria

A

staph epidermidis and staph aureus

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5
Q

where skin bacteria cause problems

A

teeth and heart

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6
Q

normal teeth bacteria

A

strep sanguis and strep mutans (viridans)

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7
Q

normal nasal and throat bacteria

A

staphylococci, streptococci, neisseria, coccobacillus, haemophilus

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8
Q

otitis media infections

A

H. influenza and s. pneumonia

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9
Q

pneumonia infections

A

H. influenza, s. pneumonia, s. aureus

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10
Q

meningitis infections

A

s. pneumoniae, n. meningiditis, h. influenzae

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11
Q

normal gut bacteria

A

enterics, enterococci, some strep, c albicans

Large: bacteroides, enterics enterococci, lactobacili, clostridia

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12
Q

anaerobic and mixed abscesses bacteria

A

bacteroides fragilis

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13
Q

normals in urogenital tract

A

staphylococci, enterics

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14
Q

roles of toxins

A
  1. promote growth by giving access to nutrients
  2. break down epithelium
  3. interfere with phagocytosis
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15
Q

examples of roles of membrane active toxins

A
  1. S aureus breaks down RBCs for iron
  2. pneumolysin is anti-phagocytic
  3. listeriolysin destroys phagosome membrane
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16
Q

specialized secretions systems are only found in…

A

gram negatives

17
Q

many exotoxins target…

A

GTPase cycle

18
Q

tetani vs botulinum

A

tetani - blocks inhibition by binding GABA leading to spastic paralysis

botulinum - block stimulatory acetylcholine leading to flaccid paralysis

19
Q

class 1 exotoxins

A

membrane active

20
Q

type 3 and 4 exotoxins

A

use specialized secretion systems

21
Q

two ways bacteria can get in

A

signal transduction in AB toxins and sepcialized secretion systems

22
Q

dectins

A

major lectins involved in phagocytosis of fungus

23
Q

antimicrobial peptides

A

defensins and cathelicidin

24
Q

shitella found in what cell

A

epithelium

25
Q

richettsia found in what cell

A

endothelium

26
Q

TB found in what cell

A

macrophag

27
Q

antibiotics that are poor intracellularly

A

aminoglycosides and beta-lactams

28
Q

OspA

A

outer surface protein in tick illness

29
Q

jarish herxheimer

A

reaction in death of lyme disease organisms

30
Q

relapsing fever

A

west coast tick, replasing fever, antigenic variation, borrelia hermsii,

31
Q

maltese cross

A

babesiosis

32
Q

symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

fever, headache rash

33
Q

hemolytic anemia and infection in RBC

A

babeosis

34
Q

low platelets in tick infections

A

anaplasmosis and erlichiosis

Micro (7 decks)

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