Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

beta lactams work against (growing/dormant) bacteria

A

growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

properties of beta lactams

A

work on growing bacteria, bacteriacidal, killing is indirect, leads to dysregulation of autolysins and lysis, bind to PBP, inhibit transpeptidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanism of resistance of beta lactams

A
  1. inactivation by beta-lactamase
  2. alteration of drug target (PBP)
  3. decreased penetration to target site
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

beta lactams exhibit what time of killing

A

time dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adverse reactions of beta lactams

A

immediate IgE reactions, late allergic reactions (serum sickness) - late are most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

basic facts of penicillin

A

narrow spectrum, low cost, good index, good tissue penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bugs for penicillin

A

gram positive cocci: Group A/B strep, enterococcus
gram negative rods: pasturella multocida
gram negative diplococci: neisseria meningitidis
spirochetes: treponema pallidum, borrelia burgdorferi
oral anerobes: peptostreptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical use of penicillin

A
  1. pharyngitis (group A strep)
  2. dental abscess
  3. syphilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

basics of oxacilin

A

use for penicillinase producing S aureus, very narrow spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

use of oxacilin

A

methicillin sensitive staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adverse effects of oxacillin

A

interstitial nephritis**, elevated LFTs, neutropenia, allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

basics of ampicillin

A

intermediate spectrum - same as penicillin plus enterococcus, some gram negative bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

resistance in ampicillin

A

all Haemophilus spp isolates should undergo sensitivity testing, some enterococcal can be resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amoxicillin uses

A

oral only, for bronchitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, dental prophylaxis in heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ampicillin uses

A

oral and IV, meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes, bacteremia from enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bugs of piperacillin

A

broad spectrum - gram negatives, enterobacter and pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram positives like strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clinical uses of piperacillin

A

pelvic infections, hospital acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, UTI, gram neg skin infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sulbacam

A

beta lactamase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

clavulanate

A

beta lactamase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

beta lactamase inhibitors active against

A

oral and gut anerobes (peptostreptococci and bacteroides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uses of intermediate spectrum/beta lactam inhibitors

A

intra-abdominal and pelvic infections (mixed), skin and tissue infections, diabetic foot infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

penicillin with activity against psuedomonas

A

piperacillin, usually given with BLase tazobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adverse effects of broad spectrum penicillins

A

large effect of gut flora, C diff infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

characteristics of cephaloporins

A

bactericidal, well tolerated, time dependent killing, less allergic reaction, not active against enertococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

properties of cefazolin

A

first generation cephalo, active against gram positive cocci, used in penicillinase producing s aureus not methicillin resistant’

  • used in patients allergic to oxacillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

uses of cefazolin

A

1 - surgical prophylaxis (suppress growth of skin flora), bacteremias and skin and tissue infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

properties of cefuroxime

A

second generation cephalo, active against gram positive cocci, H influenzae with beta lactamase**, E coli and klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

uses of cefuroxime

A

2 - otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, UTI

- especially with isolate with beta lactamase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

properties of cefoxitin

A

second generation - activity against oral and bowel anaerobes (bacteroides fragilis) and neisseria gonorrheae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

properties of ceftriaxone

A

3 - penetration to CNS**, less staph more strep, gram negative rods, no activity for pseudomonas

think meningitis and pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

uses of ceftriaxone

A

3- pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, UTI

32
Q

uses of cefoxitin

A

2 - intra abdominal infections, pelvic infections, diabetic foot infections

33
Q

properties of ceftazidime

A

3 - poor gram positive, no anaerobe, used for pseudomonas**, CNS penetration

34
Q

properties of cefepime

A

4- broad spectrum, gram positive and negative, pseudomonas

35
Q

uses of cefepime

A

4 - hospital acquired infections, neutropenic patients with fever and unknown organism

36
Q

properties of ceftaroline

A

5 - gram positive and MRSA, affinity for PBP2a, gram negatives but not pseudomonas

used fro penumonia and soft tissue infection

37
Q

adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

kidney excretion, C diff

38
Q

properties of aztreonam

A

monobactam - narrow spectrum for gram neg only including pseudomonas

low allergy potential, well tolerated

39
Q

uses of aztreonam

A

gram negative rod infection - UTI, bacteremia, sub for aminoglycoside in renal patient

40
Q

imipenem/cilastatin properties

A

carbapenems - imipenem is active, cilastatin inhibits degredation - very broad action, penetrates gram negatives

everything but MRSA, coag neg staph, others

41
Q

three factors of imipenem

A
  1. no permeability barrier in gram neg
  2. stability against beta lactamases
  3. high affinity for PBP
42
Q

adverse reactions in imipenem

A

seizure, dose modification in renal patients, N/V, allergy

43
Q

vancomycin properties

A

glycopeptide (inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis)- active against gram positive resistant bacteria

44
Q

uses of vancomycin

A

MRSA, resistant meningitis, gram positive infections, orally for C diff colitis

45
Q

adverse effects of vancomysin

A
  • red man syndrome - rash, not immune
  • kidney toxic
  • ototoxic - rare
  • monitor drug levels
46
Q

propertis of daptomycin

A

lipopeptide - binds to bacterial cell membrane, forms channel and destroys gradient

47
Q

use of daptomycin

A

gram positive s aureus, enterococci, strep, coag neg staph

used in bacteremia, endocarditis, NOT pneumonia

48
Q

properties of fluroquinolones

A

inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, bactericidal*

49
Q

general uses of fluroquinolones

A

gram neg bacilli, atypical pneumonia, gram pos cocci, meningococcus, pseudomonas, TB

50
Q

uses of ciproflaxacin

A

mainly for gram negatives, pseudomonas

51
Q

uses for levofloxacin

A

some gram negative, better gram positive (s pneumoniae and s aureus)

52
Q

uses for moxifloxacin

A

gram neg, no pseudomonas, better gram positive and some anaerobic

53
Q

trends of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

A

less pseudomonas and more gram pos/anaerobic

54
Q

pharm of fluroquinolones

A

cations will bind and interfere, should not be given with Fe, Ca, Zn -

55
Q

resistance of fluroquinolones

A

active efflux pumps, mutations in gyrase enzyme

56
Q

adverse effects of fluroquinolones

A

QT prolong, tendon rupture, arthritis, seizures, NV, interactions

57
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis has a bacteriostatic effect

58
Q

resistance of sulfamethoxazole

A

decreased permeability, decreased enzyme affinity, efflux, PABA production

59
Q

spectrum of sulfamethoxazole

A

community strains of MRSA, gram negative rods (not pseudomonas), malaria, toxoplasma, pneumocysitis

60
Q

uses of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A

UTI, skin/tissue, MRSA, respiratory tract, treatment of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

61
Q

adverse effects of sulfamethoxazole

A

hypersensitivity, kernicterus, rashes, nephrotoxic, GI

62
Q

properties of metronidazole

A

direct damage to DNA by reduction of nitro group - rapidly bactericidal

63
Q

spectrum of metronidazole

A

gram neg anaerobes, gram pos anaerobes, protozoa, used in mix infections with GNR and anaerobes

64
Q

uses of metronidazole

A

mild C diff, mixed abdominal infections with PCN allergy, protozoa

65
Q

adverse effects of metronidazole

A

GI, neurologic (peripheral neuropathy), drug interactions

66
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

urinary only, reactive intermediates, low resistance

67
Q

properties of protein synthesis antibiotics

A

bacteriostatic, slow growing organisms, have target site modification and active efflux

68
Q

uses for protein synthesis

A

problems with beta lactams, intracellular pathogens, no cell walls, synergy, slow growing bacteria

69
Q

properties of linezolid

A

binds to 50S, resistant GPC (MRSA and VRE) with rare resistance

70
Q

adverse effects of linezolid

A

bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome

71
Q

properties of tetracyclines

A

bind 30S, block t-RNA, intracellular penetration, active against cells calls - broadest spectrum of protein inhibitors

bacteriostaic

72
Q

spectrum of doxycycline

A

think as tick borne agent - borrelia, richettsiae, chlamydiase, ehrlichia, mycoplasma and others

73
Q

resistance of tetracyclines

A

widespread, efflux, side modification

74
Q

adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

teeth and bones, enamel hypoplasia, GI, skin - photosensitivity, CNS

75
Q

uses of tigecycline

A

hospital infectsion, intraabdominal infections

76
Q

properties of aminoglycosides

A

30S binding, bacteridial, toxic, gram negative bacili, use instead of quinolones or latams

77
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

uses active transport, not taken up in anaerobes, block protein synthesis, has post antibiotic effect

Micro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions