Other Flashcards
For how long shall be valid a veterinary prescription for antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products from the date of its issue, according to the new EU regulation on veterinary medicines?
5 Days
How did change the veterinary antimicrobial consumption during the last 5 years in the EU?
Decreased
Systemic treatment is needed in this case of otitis?
Suppurative otitis externa
Which of the following bacteria can cause polyserositis of swine?
Streptococcus suis
Which parameter is pharmacokinetic?
Cmax
Zinc sulphate can be used topically to treat…?
Interdigital dermatitis
‘Single shot’ antibiotics can be used against…?
BRDC
True or False:
It is inevitable to remember the pharmacodynamic properties of certain antimicrobials to be able to reduce the spreading of resistance. Based on this knowledge macrolide antibiotics are advised to use in high dosages for short period of time.
False
FQs and AGs are
True or False:
As of February 2022, the prophylactic used of antimicrobials will be limited to the individual treatment of animals.
False
True or False:
The most common form of antibiotics used by veterinarians is a solution and premix
True
True or False:
The spread of antimicrobial resistance can be slowed down?
True
True or False:
From 2022, when antibiotics are added to feed, the duration of prophylactic treatment must not exceed two weeks.
False
True or False:
The PK/PD analysis is (AUC/MIC model) helps estimate the degree of spreading antimicrobial resistance. The higher the ratio the higher the chance is for selection of mutant bacteria resistant to the given antimicrobial agent.
False
True or False:
It is proven, that animal products can transfer antimicrobial resistance to people, the most important and versatile vector of it is the E. coli.
E. coli
True or False:
In case of time dependent bactericidal antibiotics their maximum concentration should be at least six times higher in the treated compartment than the MIC volume of the given antibiotic agent for the given infectious bacterium isolate.
False
True or False:
Multiple causes can be present in the background of BRDC, while the treatment of which the bacterial resistance is rare. Most of the empirically suitable antibiotics can treat the disease in case of P. Multocida, M. Haemolytica and M. Bovis infectious background as well.
False
True or False:
The treatment of calf E. Coli diarrhoea depends on the severity of the animal, in case of lack of systemic symptoms the usage of antibiotic agents is not advised, fluid and electrolyte therapy is recommended.
True
True or False:
For the treatment of Escherichia coli diarrhoea in weaned piglets, enrofloxacin is the best choice, taking into account pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, antibiotic susceptibility and public health considerations.
False
True or False:
In case of furunculosis, usually 3 weeks of systemic antibacterial treatment needed, because gram-negative rods are frequent in this disease
False
What is the recommended treatment duration in feline rhinotracheitis?
7-10 days acute, 4-6 weeks chronic
An in vivo test method for determining resistance to anthelmintics
Faecal egg count reduction test
True or False:
Usually there’s a background disease behind pyoderma, which is most commonly allergy or parasitic infection
True
True or False:
BRDC is caused by fastidious organism and it’s resistance is low
True
Which anti liver fluke agent is characteristic to be active against young flukes under 6 weeks of age?
Closantel
True or False:
Tris-EDTA is a recommended agent in otitis externa, because it has good antibiofilm effect?
True
True or False:
It is enough to treat superficial pyoderma only topically, because bacteria are only present on the skin’s surface in this case
False
True or False:
Poultry feed cannot contain narazin if the animals are treated with tiamulin, because the CYP inhibitory activity of narazin can lead to severe toxic interaction
True
Resistance rates are the worse in this species
Swine
True or False:
Usually systemic treatment is not needed in case of intertrigo
True
True or False:
Consumption of fluoroquinolones should be decreased in veterinary practice
True
What is general indication (in case of antibiotics)?
The indication says that the product is indicated against bacteria that are sensitive to that antibiotic
Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of Skdr gene in voltage gated sodium ion channel?
Cypermethrin
This method is NOT applied to prevent the development of resistance against antiparasitic
Dilution
It causes delayed repolarization of Na+ ion channels in parasites
Flumethrin
This antiparasitic agent is an antagonist of GABA mediated Cl- ion channels
Afoxolaner
Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of RDI gene in GABA(A)?
Dieldrin
Which agent is most effective in shampoos for cellulitis?
Benzoyl Peroxide
Which pathogens can be involved in CIRDC? A) Bordetella bronchiseptica B) Parainfluenza virus C) Both of them D) None of them
C) Both of them
How should antibiotics be administered in case of pneumonia in dogs?
IV injection
In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause A) Arthritis B) Dermatitis C) Both of them D) None of them
C) Both of them
Which pathogen can cause polyserositis of swine?
Streptococcus suis
In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause?
Septicaemia
True or False:
In interdigital dermatitis, topical antibiotic therapy is enough, while interdigital phlegmon required
systemic antibiotic therapy
True
Fowl cholera causes high mortality in which species?
Duck
In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause?
CRD
In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause?
Granulomatosis
In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause: A) Pericarditis B) Salpingitis C) Both of them D) None of them
C) Both of them
How should time dependent bactericidal antibiotics be given?
At least 3-5 days, in the recommended dose (which reach higher concentration in the animals than the
MIC value of the pathogen)
Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics for the purpose of preventing infectious diseases according to the law in force?
It is allowed
How can we prevent antibiotic resistance?
Perform a PK/PD analysis
How would you define the MIC?
The lowest concentration of the antibiotic, where bacteria can’t grow
Is it legal to give an antibiotic authorized for dogs to cats?
Yes it is, if no authorized product is available and it is not contradicted by the SPC of that product
Which susceptibility testing method can be used for PK/PD analysis: A) Disc diffusion B) Microdilution C) Both of them D) None of them
C) Both of them
What is metaphylaxis?
The administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals after a diagnosis of clinical disease in part
of the group has been established
Which pathogen is the most frequent in pharyngitis in companion animals?
Strepto in dogs, Pasteurella in cats
True or False?
Narrow spectrum penicillin’s are usually sufficient for the treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis and
tonsillitis, but in many cases (e.g. acute, mild, only viruses are present) they don’t need to be treated with antibiotics at all
True
In which respiratory infection is it necessary to use AB?
Canine distemper
Does present law allow mixing antibiotics into the feed of animals?
Yes
True or False:
Streptococci and Pasteurella spp frequently cause the following infections in companion animals:
Bronchitis and pneumonia in dogs, Rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs and Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
in dogs
True
Are you allowed to use veterinary antibiotics off-label?
Yes
How can we prevent antibiotic resistance?
Must know pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents
Use antibiotics for prevention and not for treatment
Perform antibiotic susceptibility tests regularly
True or False:
“Single shot” antibiotics can be used against both GI and Respiratory infections?
True
True or False:
Rhinitis is more frequently causes by viruses than bacteria, so in many cases antibiotic treatment is not
necessary
True
Which drug can be used topically to treat canine pyoderma?
Silver sulfadiazine
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to macrocyclic lactones
Increased transport
The target receptor of Amitraz
Octopamine receptor
Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to Fipronil
Ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration
Which drugs can be cross-resistant?
Dieldrin and Fipronil
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to Organophosphates?
Increased activity of esterase enzymes
Mechanism of resistance to…. Is ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration
Isooxazolines
Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to Benzimidazoles
Beta-tubulin binding site change
Mechanism of resistance is to…. is changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Imidazothiazoles
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to pyrethroids
Increased efflux
List the AMEG A Antibiotics
Avoid - only Smalls, NEVER FPA
Vancomycin
Amikacin
Rifampicin
List the AMEG B Antibiotics
Restrict - CIA highest priority, farm animals
Fluoroquinolones
3rd and 4th Generation Cephalosporins
Colistin
List the AMEG C Antibiotics
Caution 1st and 2nd Generation Cephalosporins AmoxiClav Aminoglycosides Florfenicol Macrolides Lincosamides Pleuromutilins
List the AMEG D Antibiotics
Prudence - preferred in vet med Amoxicillin Penicillins Tetracyclines PotSA
There is a UTI infection in a GSD. From the urine sample E. Coli could be cultured, which has 32 𝞵g/ml MIC value to amoxicillin. Regarding the table, the substance will be effective during the treatment.
True
There is a UTI infection in a shih-tzu dog. From the urine sample MRSA could be cultured, which has 64 𝞵g/ml MIC value to amikacin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment.
True
There is a UTI infection in a 10 year old Persian cat. From the urine sample E. Coli could be cultured, which has 4 𝞵g/ml MIC value to cefovecin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will be effective during the treatment.
False
There is a UTI infection in a 4 year old pug. From the urine sample Enterococcus faecalis could be cultured, which has 8 𝞵g/ml MIC value to doxycycline. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment
False
Septic mastitis treatment in companion animals?
AmoxiClav + Enrofloxacin IV
Non-septic mastitis treatment in companion animals?
Gram +: Clindamycin, Macrolides
Gram -: FQ
Companion animal ACUTE pharyngitis/tonsillitis treatment?
Narrow spectrum penicillins
Companion animal CHRONIC pharyngitis/tonsillitis treatment?
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
First choice in companion animal rhinitis/sinusitis?
Doxycycline
First choice in feline rhinotracheitis?
Doxycycline
First choice in feline rhinotracheitis caused by Pasteurella?
AmoxiClav
Treatment of life-threatening bronchitis/pneumonia in dogs and cats?
AmoxiClav IV
Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone IV +
Enrofloxacin/Marbofloxacin IV OR Gentamicin/Tobramycin/Amikacin
Treatment of non life-threatening bronchitis/pneumonia in dogs and cats?
Tetracyclines, Macrolides (rehydrate patient), PotSA
First choice in Kennel cough?
Doxycycline
Aspiration pneumonia (ARDS) treatment in dogs/cats?
Broad spectrum Beta-lactam + Enrofloxacin + Metronidazole
Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in which 2 companion animal diseases?
Kennel cough and Aspiration Pneumonia
Treatment of pyothorax in companion animals?
Broad spectrum Beta-lactam + FQ + Metronidazole IV then PO, for 3-6 weeks