Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2021 Pre-registration > OTC babies > Flashcards

OTC babies Flashcards

1
Q

What is colic?

A

Excessive crying with no obvious cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Colic symptoms?

A

Rule of 3:

  • > 3hrs a day crying
  • > 3 days a week for a minimum of one week
Red face
Clenched fist
Hard to settle
Gas and rumbling 
Knees upto chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When would you refer colic?

A

Inconsolable crying or inability to put on weight with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Otc products for colic?

A

Infacol - simeticone (from birth)

Colief - lactase

Gripe water (1month+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Typical age of babies with colic?

A

Birth to 6months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Advice for parents for colic?

A
  • tummy rub circular motions
  • refrain from cow milk/dairy
  • rock baby over shoulder
  • warm bath
  • burps after feeds
  • hold baby
  • grows out by 6months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cradle cap?

A

Infantile seborrhaeic dermatitis. Primarily affects oily skin and scalp.

Common in babies <6months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of cradle cap?

A

Yellow, greasy scales

Flaking of skin

Could affect eyebrows, nose and nappy areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Referral of cradle cap;

A

If widespread face/body

If infected/inflammed - needs flucloxacillin

If scratchy, swollen or bleeding - atopic eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

OTC cradle cap treatment;

A

1) baby shampoo and hair brush to loosen scales
2) olive oil bp to soften and remove scales
3) capasal shampoo: salicylic acid and coal tar
4) nizoral shampoo: ketoconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cradle cap advice for parents:

A
  • common, harmless and self limiting
  • do not peel scales as can expose to infection
  • not contagious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges (lining around brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meningitis causative organisms?

A

Neisseria meningitides

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Meningitis non-specific symptoms?

A

Flu like
High fever
Muscle ache - severe
Nausea/vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meningitis specific symptoms?

A 
Stiff neck
Non-blanching rash
Cold extremities 
Photophobia
Confused/drowsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do you need to refer meningitis immediately?

A

Refer STAT
Viral - treat with ibu/para and self limiting

Bacterial - can cause life threatening/blood poisons and limb amputations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meningitis treatment for NO non blanching rash and query sepsis?

A

Benzylpenicillin

If allergy:
Cefotaxime

If allergic to both:
Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Measles, mumps and rubella what is it? - vaccine at 1yr and 3yr 4months

A

Viral diseases that can spread and affect the lungs and become more serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Measles symptoms?

A

koplik spots (3days before) - white spots on buccal mucosa

Conjunctivitis

Flu-like symptoms

Fever

Characteristic: rash behind ears and spreads to limb trunks and face

Red - brown confluent and blotchy rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mumps symptoms and characteristics?

A

Symptoms - fever, headache, malaise

Characteristics - swelling on both sides of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rubella symptoms and characteristics?

A

Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph glands)

Rash on face then spreads to trunks and limbs

Pink-red confluent rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is MMR a notifiable disease?

A

Yes must report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long after is mmr contagious?

A

Measles - four days after rash
Mumps - five days after rash
Rubella - six days after rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Key warnings with MMR?

A

Measles - can cause complications otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis

Mumps - risk of meningitis and sterility

Rubella - stay away from pregnant women and foetal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mmr advise?

A

Otc - paracetamol/ibuprofen

Advice - bed rest, hydrated, contagious so no school, no acidic drinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MMR vaccines schedule?

A

Dose 1 - 1st birthday/1 year old

Dose 2 - 3yrs and 4months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a fungal nappy rash?

A

Erythamateous rash characterised by redness, pimples around edges. Occurs if nappies arent changed regularly and there is frequent contact with faeces and urine. Affects the buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What two indicators would prompt you to suspect a FUNGAL nappy rash over a normal nappy rash?

A

Pimples around edges

Rash between buttock folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the referral criteria for nappy rash?

A
  • signs of weeping/infection
  • > 7day OTC failure
  • broken skin/severe
  • widespread
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How do barrier preps help in nappy rash, give some examples.

A

they hydrate, soothe and form a protective layer over the skin

e.g. sudocrem, metanium, bepanthen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What antifungals are available OTC for nappy rash?

A

Canesten - Clotrimazole

Miconazole - use for 7 days after infection cleared too to prevent recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Advice for parents who have children with fungal nappy rash?

A
  • Change nappies regularly straight after soiled/wet
  • Avoid powder ( can further irritate)
  • Clean area thoroughly with water/wipes
  • Let bottom air dry after shower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What kind of lesions on nappy rash would make you suspect that it is infected?

A

crusty lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Age limit on clotrimazole OTC?

A

Nil.

if pregnant - seek advise from midwife (can use clotrimazole OTC but not with applicator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the causative organism for oral thrush?

A

candia albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Symptoms of oral thrush?

A

White, sore spots in and around the mucosa of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Oral thrush referral criteria?

A

Everyone except babies as less common in adults.
Recurrent
OTC failure >7 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

OTC products available and age limit:

A

Daktarin: miconazole 2% oral gel sugar free, 4 months+

Apply QDS after meals and for 1 week after symptoms disapppear to prevent recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If a woman is breast feeding and on topical miconazole, how would you advise them to administer it?

A

Apply to nipple and wash off before feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What could happen if daktarin oral gel (miconazole) was applied to the back of the throat?

A

Risk of choking and aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a key interaction with miconazole otc?

A

Warfarin.
Miconazole is a potent inhibitor that increases warfarin levels in the blood and increases INR. This increases the risk of bleeding. Always refer to GP for nystatin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How would you advise a patient on high dose inhaled corticosteroids to avoid oral thrush?

A

Use spacer
Rinse mouth after use
Dental hygiene
Wash and airdry once a month

43
Q

Advice for parents of babies that get oral thrush?

A

sterilise bottles

if BF: apply miconazole and wash before feeds

44
Q

What virus causes slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Parvovirus

45
Q

What are the characteristic features of slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Bright red rash on cheeks

Light pink, lace-like, itchy rash on trunk and limbs

Cold/flu-like symptoms before rash appears: e.g. fever, sore throat, headache, runny nose, malaise

46
Q

Is slapped cheek syndrome contagious?

A

Yes - mainly before rash appears so during cold/flu-like symptoms

47
Q

What category of people must be vary and cautious of being in contact with slapped cheek syndrome and why?

A

Pregnant women because there is an increased risk of stillbirth/miscarriage

Blood disorders

Severe anaemia

48
Q

What treatment options are available for those with slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Pain relief: Paracetamol/Ibuprofen
itch relief: chlorphenamine (v.drowsy, 1yr+)/calamine

Rest, fluids

49
Q

What age range is chlorphenamine suitable for?

A

1yr+ but v.drowsy

50
Q

When is slapped cheek syndrome no longer contagious?

A

Once the rash appears.

51
Q

Moses, 5, presents with a bright red rash on his cheeks and a light pink itchy rash on his chest, thighs and arms. The mother thinks it could be an allergic reaction from a recent visit at a friend’s baby shower. She mentions that he has a fever and feels poorly.

What is the best course of action?

1) Sell hydrocortisone
2) Sell paracetamol and tell mum to inform pregnant friend to see GP urgently
3) Sell chlorphanemine + paracetamol and tell mum to inform pregnant friend to see GP urgently
4) Refer child to GP as he is contagious
5) Sell chlorphanemine

A

3: Sell paracetamol (dose: <6yrs 120mg/5ml, so dose 10ml every 4-6hrs max 4 doses) and chlorphenamine (1yr+)

Tell friend because of risk of miscarriage and still birth
no hydrocortisone as 10yrs+

No need to refer, rash needs to appear then non-contagious and resolves with antipyretics, fluid, rest

52
Q

What is whooping cough caused by?

A

Pertussis (often viral) - due to underdeveloped immune system

53
Q

Characteristic symptoms of whooping cough?

A
  • initial (upto10days): runny nose - persistent, watery eyes, sore throat, fever
  • coughing bouts (bacteria moved into lungs): thick mucus followed by vomiting
  • ‘whoop’ between coughs when gasping for air as cough is constant
  • occurs at night
54
Q

Is whooping cough contagious?

A

Yes

55
Q

When do you refer whooping cough?

A

All cases: GP

A+E: If breathing difficulties - cyanosis, SOB, choking, breathlessness, rapid/shallow breathing: may require additional support for lungs

56
Q

Treatment for pertussis/whooping cough?

A

1) vaccine - for mother at 16 weeks pregnant
2) antibiotics
3) Fever: paracetamol/ibuprofen
Cover mouth and nose

57
Q

How long should a child be off school if diagnosed with whooping cough?

A

5 days after initiation of antibiotics

3 weeks after initiation of cough

58
Q

How long can a whooping cough last for?

A

2-3 months

59
Q

What is the age limit on guaifenesin cough syrup?

A

6yrs+

60
Q

1st line antibiotics for whooping cough?

A

macrolides: clarithriomycin, azithromycin

61
Q

For those <1month old with whooping cough what is the ab choice based on NICE?

A

Clarithromycin

62
Q

For those >1month old with whooping cough what is the ab choice based on NICE?

A

Clarithromycin/Azithromycin

63
Q

For those PREGNANT with whooping cough what is the ab choice based on NICE?

A

Erythromycin

64
Q

What is the choice of AB in those allergic to macrolides and who have whooping cough?

A

Co-trimoxazole

65
Q

What age range is co-trimoxazole indicated in and what patient category is it contra-indicated it?

A

> 6 weeks old

Contra indicated in pregnancy

66
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella Zoster

67
Q

Symptoms of chicken pox?

A

Red spots that then blister in 12hrs and then scab over.

Prodromal symptoms occur around 3days before: fatigue, malaise, fever

68
Q

Chicken pox commonly affects…

A

Children <10yrs but can also re-infect those who have had it before

69
Q

Referral criterial for chicken pox and why?

A

Pregnant
Adult esp >50yrs
Immunocompromised
Infants <4weeks

Risk of severe infection and in adults risk of shingles - require treatment with aciclovir 800mg 5x a day for SEVEN days (NICE)

70
Q

What is shingles?

A

Caused by herpes zoster, infection of a nerve.
Presents with a tingly pain and rash on one side of body which then forms blisters and crusts over (could take upto 4 weeks)

71
Q

Till when is shingles contagious?

A

Only until there is fluid oozing: spread via direct contact

72
Q

Counselling points for Aciclovir and CALS:

A

Antiviral, complete the course, can cause photosensitivity and hepatic damage - use SPF and protect skin, report any dark urine, abd pain, pale stools, itchy skin + ensure adequate fluid intake

73
Q

How would you treat chicken pox for a child OTC?

A 
If itchy:
Crotamiton - eurax (if <3yrs only OD application)
Calamine lotion 
Chlorphenamine (antihistamine) - 1yrs + 
Cooling gel mousse
aloe vera gel

If Fever:
Only paracetamol, NO IBUPROFEN as can cause severe skin reactions

74
Q

Contagious period for chicken pox in kids?

A

Avoid school or nursery.
Most contagious 1-2days after rash (when blisters present)

Go back to school/nursery only when blisters have crusted over. (normally up till 5 days after)

75
Q

Lifestyle advise for chicken pox?

A

Cut nails short and avoid itching as can scar

Loose clothing

76
Q

Paracetamol comes in what suspension strength?

A

120mg/5ml
>2months
>4kg

77
Q

Paracetamol child doses:

A 
3-5months: 60mg QDS
6-23months: 120mg QDS
2-3yrs: 180mg QDS
4-5yrs: 240mg QDS
6-7yrs: 240-250mg QDS
8-9yrs: 360 - 375mg QDS
10-11yrs: 480 - 500mg QDS
12-15yrs: 480 - 750mg QDS
16yrs+: 500mg -1G QDS
78
Q

When should you refer children with fever?

A

< 6 months and no improvement in 24hrs.

> 6 months and no improvement in 72hrs.

<3months: >38deg
3-6months: >39deg

Signs of meningitis:
Stiff neck, non blanching rash, systemically unwell, photophobia, excessive crying

Febrile convulsions
Dehydration

79
Q

Suitability of ibuprofen in children.

A

> 3 months
5kg

100mg/5ml

80
Q

Ibuprofen child doses:

A 
1-2months: 5mg/kg TDS QDS
3-5months: 2.5ml TDS
6-11months: 2.5ml TDS/QDS
1-3yrs: 5ml TDS
4-6yrs: 7.5ml TDS
7-9yrs: 10ml TDS
10-11yrs: 15ml TDS
12yrs+: 15-20ml TDS/QDS
81
Q

What is impetigo?

A

bacterial infection

82
Q

Two types of impetigo that would depict diagnosis and treatment?

A

Non-bullous: staph aureus, step pyogenes affects localities like mouth nose face and extremities: no pain and sometimes itches

Bullous: staph aureus (fluid filled) affects flexures face trunk limbs: pain and itch

83
Q

What does bullous mean?

A

Blisters on skin

84
Q

Symptoms of impetigo?

A

yellow, golden, brown and crusty lesions

85
Q

Referral for impetigo?

A

All cases

86
Q

Treatment for localised, non-bullous impetigo?

A

Topical treatment - can give up to 7 days dep on judgement

1) hydrogen peroxide 1% cream BD/TDS 5 days
2) Fusidic acid 2% TDS 5 days
3) Mupirocin 2% TDS 5 days

87
Q

Treatment for non-bullous widespread impetigo?

A

Topical

fuscidic acid 2%/mupirocin 2% TDS for 5 days

88
Q

Treatment for bullous widespread systemic impetigo?

A

1) Fluclox 500mg QDS for 5 days

2) Pen allergy: macrolide clari 250mg bd 5 days, erythro 250-500mg QDS 5 days

89
Q

Lifestyle advice for impetigo?

A

Hygiene measures - wash hands
avoid sharing towels and clothes
cut nails
no school till rash disappears as its contagious

90
Q

Key interactions with medication for impetigo?

A

Fusidic acid + statins - risk of severe rhabdomyolyisis so hold statin during and 7 days after

Flucloxacillin and anticoagulants

Flucloxacillin and methotrexate - increased risk of mtx toxicity

Macrolides (cyp3a4 inhibitors)

  • QT prolonging drugs - amiodarone, sotalol, quinine, SSRIs
  • Enzyme inducers - CRAP GPS
  • warfarin and doacs - increase anticoagulant effect so increased risk of bleeding
  • CCB: hypotension
  • ciclosporin - increased levels
  • colchicine - increased risk of colch toxicity (n/v/diarr/myopathy)
  • digoxin - increased levels
  • insulin/sulfonylurea - hypoglycaemia
  • statin - statin holiday
91
Q

What is scarlett fever?

A

Infection that is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes which results in a fever and scarlet rash

92
Q

Most common age of scarlett fever?

A

2-8yrs and spreads via droplets/aerosol transmission

93
Q

Non-specific/prodromal symptoms of scarlett fever?

A 
Sore throat 
Fever
Headache
Fatigue
N/V

12-48hrs after, the rash develops

94
Q

Specific symptoms of scarlett fever?

A

Strawberry tongue

Sandpaper like rash on back/trunk

95
Q

How long should children with scarlett fever stay off school for?

A

Minimum 24 hrs after starting antibiotic as it is contagious

96
Q

Lifestyle advice for scarlett fever?

A

Avoid sharing clothes, towels, linen, cups
Cover mouth when sneezing, coughing
Very contagious
Increase handwashing

97
Q

1st line treatment for scarlett fever?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin QDS for 10 days, dose based on weight of the child

98
Q

Three treatment options for scarlett fever?

A

Phenoxymethypenicillin
Amoxicillin
Azithromycin

99
Q

What are the contraindications for phenoxymethylpenicillin?

A

Penicillin/cephalasporin allergy

100
Q

What are the main adverse effects for phenoxymethylpenicillin?

A

N/V/D
Signs of c.diff: fever, severe diarrhoea, blood/pus in stools
Leuocpenia/neutropenia/thrombocytopenia/coagulation disorders
Convulsions in renally impaired or high doses

101
Q

Interactions with phenoxymethylpenicillin?

A
  • anticoagulants/warfarin: INR may need adjusting
  • Methotrexate - increased risk of toxicity so monitor FBC twice a week for 2 weeks
  • contraception: concerning if patient vomit/nausea/diarrhoea
102
Q

What class of antibiotics used in scarlett fever are safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding?

A

Penicillins

103
Q

What drug used in gout has a particular interaction with amoxicillin?

A

Allopurinol: increased risk of rash

104
Q

Azithromycin is used for scarlett fever in those that are penicillin allergic. What are the SE and interactions?

A

SE: hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, n/v/d, QT prolongation

Int:
Warfarin
DOACS
Digoxin - inc toxicity
Hypokalaemia drugs: loops, b2 agonists, corticosteroids
QT prolonging drugs: amiodarone, sotalol, terfenadine, quinine, amisulpiride
Colchicine - increased risk of toxicity: n/v/d/myopathy

2021 Pre-registration (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions