OTA week six Flashcards
What is cognition?
process by which the individual acquires and uses information. this happens through complex, interdependent mental processes that help the person to adapt to environmental demands and expectations.
what are the components of cognition?
- perceptual-motor function
-language
-learning and memory - executive function
- complex attention
- social cognition
what is perceptual motor function?
- visual perception
-visuoconstrunctional reasoning - perceptual motor coordination
what is language?
- object namimg
- word finding
- fluency
- grammar and syntax
- receptive language
what is learning and memory?
- free recall
- cued recall
- recognition memory
- semantic and autobiographical
- long term memory
- implicit learning
- memory is often the first or only consideration of cognition
*memory is complex - memory skills can be impacted by other physical skills; level of
consciousness, pre-existing skill level, etc
what is social cognition?
- recognition of emotions
- theory of mind
- insight
what is complex attention?
- sustained attention
- divided attention
- selective attention
- processing speed
what is executive function?
- planning
- decision making
- working memory
- responding to feedback
- inhibition
- flexibility
what are the types of memory?
short term memory
- info is temporarily stored but not used
working memory
- info is temporarily stored and utilized - allowed you to manipulate and use new info to perform a task usually 5-9 items
long term memory
- explicit / declaritive: conscious memory, can be Semantic (fact or knowledge based) or Episodic
(experienced or autobiographical). Episodic memory usually involves some emotional content
- implicit: procedural, muscle memory - brushing teeth
what are the types of attention?
- part of executive function
- Sustained attention: ability to maintain focus and
engagement to a task over time - Divided attention: splitting attention to multiple
stimuli at once - Selective attention: involves focusing awareness
on certain information while tuning out irrelevant
stimuli - Processing speed
what are the types of perceptual motor function?
-Visual perceptual skills
tracking, figure-ground; spatial
awareness, etc.
-Praxic skills (coordinating movement)
what are the types of apraxia?
ideational
- conceptual: issue with using objects appropriately
ideomotor:
- inability to carry out a motor act on verbal command or imitation
dressing:
- inability to coordinate dressing tasks
social cognition and emotional regulation
- lability
- flat affect
- disinhibition
what is major neurocognitive disorder?
Dementia is a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities
what is the diagnostic criteria of major cognitive disorder?
- cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains. evidence of this decline must come from two sources: concern expressed by the pt or other reliable sources about cognition and impaired performance on cognitive tests
- impairment that interferes with the pt independence in every day functioning
prevalence of neurocogintive disorder
- 1 in 4 seniors 85+ have been diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder
- Seniors with Major Neurocognitive Disorder
wait longer in emergency departments, are more likely to be admitted and more prone to harm - Rates of injuries from falls are higher for seniors who have Major
Neurocognitive Disorder and who live in lower-income neighbourhoods
stage one of dementia
memory impairments: forgetfulness and misplaced items
speech impairments: slowed speech
physical impairments: gait impairment, poor coordination
behaviroal instability: depression, lack of personal care, collecting/hoarding
emotional instability: agitation, mood swings
stage 2 of dementia
memory impairment: repeating, inability to do arithemetic or read
speech impairments: subsituting words
physical impairments: parkisonism, clumsy
behaviorol: wandering and delusions
emotional instability: anxiety, mood swings
stage 3 of dementia
memory impairments: unable to dress unassisted, no name recognition, loss of spatial awareness
speech impairment: incomprehensible speech
physical impairment: visual- depth and contrast perception
behavioral: hallucination, sleep apnea
emotional: apathy, aggression
stage 4
memory: no short term memory, some long term, no facial recognition
speech: gibberish
physical: difficulty eating, swallowing, drinking
behavioral: wandering
emotion: aggression and mood swings
higher level cognitive skills
self awareness
- fourth o, aware of situation, aware of skill level
- Anosognosia: underestimating the
severity of functional or physical
losses
Executive Functioning
- Initiation/Volition
- Planning and Organizing
- Working Memory
- “Shift”
-Inhibiting
- Emotional Control/Affective Performance
- Task engagement
- Ability to monitor and make effective changes
how to assess cognition?
- standardized assessment tools
- cognitive performance test
- general functional performance
- functional screens
causes of bpsd
disease process
unmet needs
limited communication and self regulation skills
what are the 5 categories that bpsd can be classified under?
- apathy
- depression
- psychosis
- agitation
- aggression
