OTA week eight Flashcards
what is adl
Basic ADLs (BADL) or physical ADL are those skills required to
manage one’s basic physical needs, including personal hygiene
or grooming, dressing, toileting, transferring or ambulating, and
eating
Must be done regualarly to maintain health and well being
what motor deficits impact on adl
- tone
- tremor
- impaired balance
- fatigue
- muscle weakness
-deconditioning - fine motor deficits
what cognitive deficits impact on adl
communication impairments
difficulties with attention memory and concentration
anosognosia
poor problem solving
what sensory and perceptual deficits impact on adl
impaired sterognosis
impaired kinesethia
impaired sensation
dizziness
hypersensitivity
what are perceptual issues impacting adls
agnosia
dyspraxia / apraxia
neglect
hemianopsia
what is compensation?
strategies that work around limitation
what is remediation?
restoring a skill or ability that is impaired
what is chaining
teaching a task step by step
forward chaining:
- teaching first step then adding the next steps once the previous step is completed
backward chaining
- teaching last step of task then working backwards to the beginning
is remediation approach impairment focused or limitation focused?
impairment
what is the remediation approach?
Focus
◦ Physical
-Strength, hand function, ROM, coordination, balance, endurance, tone
◦ Sensory
- Hearing, vision, tactile, vestibular, pain
◦ Cognitive
- Attention, memory, concentration, organization, executive function, etc.
◦ Perceptual
- Visual field, visual attention, visuospatial ability
◦ Behavioural
is compensation functional focused or impairment focused?
functional
what is compensation approach?
Examples:
◦ One-handed techniques
◦ Energy conservation
◦ Low vision techniques
◦ Task segmentation, chaining
◦ Joint protection
◦ Step-by-step instructions
◦ Hand-over hand guiding
◦ Change of dominance
◦ Memory, attention and behavioural supports
◦ Generally, need:
◦ Safe incorporation of upper extremity in all activities
◦ Ensure safe and efficient mobility
how can we modify the environment?
◦ Installing grab bars in the bathtub
◦ Increase height of toilet seat
◦ Making items more accessible in the kitchen
◦ Labelling contents of kitchen cupboards
◦ Simplify and minimize distractions on an eating surface
◦ Labelling bedroom drawer contents
◦ Posting visual and written cues to support performance
◦ Reduce distractions; simplify and cue to task
how to modify the activity with adl
◦ Shift to using more finger foods to simplify eating
and remove need for utensils
◦ Use velcro shoes to eliminate need for lace-tying
◦ Cut hair short to decrease grooming demands
◦ Get hair washed at the salon
what are the 3 phases of learning in remediation?
- acquisition
- retention
- generalization
what are teaching considerations?
- emphasize use of meaningful activities
- base approach on both client’s capacity and task’s characteristics
- have environment organized and appropriate
- reinforce and grade activities as appropriate
- structure feedback and practice schedules
- facilitate development of client self awareness and self monitoring
- consider using family or other social support
what are the 3 ways you can provide info?
- verbal
- visual
- somatosensory
what is effective feedback?
- based on subjective review and objective observations of the client and the task
intrinsic vs extrinsic in effective feedback
intrinsic - sensory, how are they feeling
extrinsic - visual results, performance
what does the OTA report back
*Describe the ADL task being performed
*Level of independence and/or physical assistance
*Level of cues required
*Major limiting factors
*What compensatory strategies were taught?
*What adaptive equipment was utilized?
*Comment on safety
what are examples of concerns in safety?
- fall risks
- use of mobility aids
- risk related to cognitive and perceptual issues
- what do you need to know from the OT referral and request
what are the 5 goals and focus of intervention?
- remediation
- compensation
- assistive devices
- modify environment
- modify activity
what is iadl?
- more complex task
- assessed to determine level of functioning and help needed at home
- categories of skill that require certain levels of both physical and cognitive abilities
what are iadls that an OTA would provide retraining with?
- medication and health management
- financial management
- meal prep
- household managment
- shopping
- transpo
