OTA week one

Question 1

What are sources of common neuro conditions?

Answer 1

• neuromuscular
• neural developmental
• infections
• autoimmune

Question 2

What are some common disorders?

Answer 2

-stroke
-spinal cord injury

Question 3

Stroke: Cause, and long term side affects

Answer 3

Cause: change in blood flow to the brain, resulting in long term damage

long term side affects:

• Physical changes: paralysis or weakness, difficulty swallowing or eating, physical pain, spasms, and insomnia
• Memory and cognitive: memory loss, difficulty learning, difficulty grasping new information, and mixing up info
• Communication: Slurred speech, difficulty speaking or finding words, trouble understanding what people are saying, and trouble reading or writing.
• Emotions and personality: Anxiety or excessive worrying, depression, personality changes, and pseudobulbar (involuntary emotional expression disorder)

Question 4

4 areas of spinal cord trauma

Answer 4

 Cervical: Trauma to the necks spinal cord and affects the body below the head
 Thoracic: Truma to the upper backs spinal cord and affects from the trunk down.
 Lumbar: Trauma to the lower back spinal cord and affects function below the waist.
 Sacral: Trauma to the bottom section of the spine and generally does not cause paralysis, but sensation and body function around the area can be affected.

Question 5

what are the types of visual impairments?

Answer 5

• hemianopsia
• diplopia
• optic neuritis
• nystagmus

Question 6

what are the communication impairments following a stroke

Answer 6

• dysarthria
• verbal apraxia

Question 7

what is dysarthria?

Answer 7

motor speech disorder where the muscles of the mouth are weakened

Question 8

what is verbal apraxia?

Answer 8

• motor planning problem, motor control of your tongue
• PATAKA is the test

Question 9

Different types of aphasia

Answer 9

• wernicke’s aphasia
• broca’s aphasia
• anomic aphasia
• mixed aphasia

Question 10

what is wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 10

fluent aphasia

• receptive language deficits (jargons words, gibberish, words that don’t make sense)

Question 11

what is broca’s aphasia?

Answer 11

non fluent aphasia

expressive language deficit (word searching, understands more than what they can say)

Question 12

what is anomic aphasia?

Answer 12

fluent aphasia

fluent but still searching for words, will do more self-correction

Question 13

what is mixed aphasia?

Answer 13

non fluent aphasia

effortful speech + limited comprehension of speech

Question 14

what could be considered some communication support for those with communication impairments?

Answer 14

• writing, gestures
• writing key words
• draw scale, choice of emotions

Question 15

key wording

Answer 15

• pencil and paper in front of pt
• contrast
• short and clear info

Question 16

aphasia adapted material

Answer 16

• simple font: century gothic, sans serif, veranda
• large font: 14pt
• integrate pics too

Question 17

what are some areas of neuro complications and pt safety

Answer 17

• physical
• cognitive
• behavioural
• sensory
• affective

Question 18

what could be considered as some physical complications to be looking out for?

Answer 18

• subluxation
• weakness
• paralysis
• spasticity
• seizures

Question 19

what are some cognitive complications to be looking out for?

Answer 19

• loss of awareness
• loss of inhibition
• impaired judgement
• communication issues

Question 20

what are some behavioural complications to look out for?

Answer 20

• aggression and violence
• sexual inappropriatness

Question 21

what are some sensory complications to look out for?

Answer 21

• peripheral or central neuropathy
• loss of sensation
• loss of pain reception

Question 22

what are some affective complications to look out for?

Answer 22

• depression
• anxiety
• suicidal

Question 23

what are some outcomes to avoid?

Answer 23

• falls or msk injuries
• choking/aspiration
• increased pain
• wandering

Question 24

what is relapsing remitting ms?

Answer 24

• Chronic disease that affects the PNS, brain,
  spinal cord
• symptoms such as fatigue,
  difficulty walking, numbness, vision issues.
• RRMS is a type of MS. There
  are recurrences or episodes of the illness. There are intervals of
  recuperation, or remissions, in between these flare-ups. Not every
  symptom may get better during a remission.

Question 25

what role might the OTA have played in each stage of (patient/client’s)
treatment?

Answer 25

-explaining and demonstrating the use of assistive aids.
- OTAs would also be responsible for safe transfers of the patient. - - - -Education on energy
conservation, providing support could also be factors that the OTA
could be carrying out.

Question 26

what are the key elements to prep a good draft poster for pt with aphasia?

Answer 26

• big font
• contrast
  -key words
  -add images

Question 27

What are the OTA objective observations?

Answer 27

• Communication: could they understand your instructions, did the
  instructions need to be simplified
• Concentration/Attention: could they maintain focus
• Affective: Did they appear frustrated, discouraged, angry, etc
• Physical: endurance and activity tolerance; vision, hearing, strength,
  etc