OTA 101 - Ch. 3-5 - Relevance, Sequence, Demands

Question 1

Occupational Identity

Answer 1

The occupations we engage in define who we are, and drive our identities. They give us “occupational identity.”

Question 2

Relevance and Importance

Answer 2

Must examine each of the activity demands of the occupation to understand how occupation is defined by client.
• Become aware of how client defines occupation vs. activity itself
• Occupations have different meaning/value in life
• Defined by client’s goals, values, beliefs, needs
• Occupation serves a specific need or utility

Question 3

Defining the occupation

Answer 3

• Some activities can be classified into several areas of occupation based on client’s definition
• Ask client to define occupation he wants/needs to do
• Ask what defines successful participation to him
• Ask how occupation plays a part is his life

Question 4

Perceived utility

Answer 4

• Meaning behind occupation drives our identity/defines who we are
• What activities does client do that defines him
• If he could no longer do them, would he lose sense of self
• Gain perspective on the purpose occupation has to the client (ie: meet bodily needs, maintain shelter, social sustenance, internal gratification)

Question 5

Occupational Profile

Answer 5

• In activity analysis, result of each step will be unique to each client
• Occupational profile is part of evaluation process; conducted through interview with client and family, caregiver, other significant people
• Gains understanding of client’s interests, values, needs, occupational history, patterns of daily living, and priorities for outcomes

Question 6

Essential Steps

Answer 6

Each person completes activities differently. Variations may happen.
• Understand which steps/timing elements are essential for success
• For common activities, there are clear ways to determine success (ie: brushing teeth)
• Activities can be “nested” into routines, such as brushing teeth as part of “grooming”

Question 7

Methods for determining key steps

Answer 7

• Mentally process steps
• Engage in activity yourself
• Talk to client
• Talk to someone who performs activity
• Watch someone perform activity

Question 8

Procedural Task Analysis

Answer 8

Yuen and D’Amico’s technique for OTPs to determine steps of an activity:

1. Determine activity, break down if needed
2. Prep and cleanup tasks if needed
3. Begin step with observable action verb
4. Include objects/environmental aspects acted on
5. Explain how action is completed (descriptor)
6. Include time elements of step
7. List steps in proper sequence
8. Keep steps simple and concise
9. Specify amount of material needed during step
10. Use conditional statements (if/then) when needed
11. Do not indicate left or right unless necessary
12. Do not list physical or mental requirement (not part of these steps)
13. Include precautions/warnings in parentheses
14. Do not include proper nouns unless necessary
15. Stick to completing activity by social norm standards (as activity analysis, not occupation-based)

Question 9

Co-occupations

Answer 9

Occupations that have more than one participant. Require engagement with others. Example: Child-rearing, pet care.

NOTE: “Nested Occupations” are when several occupations are co-occurring.

Question 10

Object Demands

Answer 10

1. TOOLS: Something that helps complete activity, like scissors, pants, skis
2. SUPPLIES: Depletable articles needed to make something, a substance, like paint, wood, paper
3. EQUIPMENT: Instruments that equip someone to complete activity; often physically larger than tools; may be a machine, like microwave
4. PROPERTIES: Quality/trait of an object, like red, heavy, industrial strength

Question 11

Space (Environment) Demands

Answer 11

1. SIZE: of area needed
2. ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS IN SPACE: in which activity occurs
3. SURFACE: required for activity
4. LIGHTING: required and what type
5. TEMPERATURE: may be requirement of activity
6. HUMIDITY: may be requirement of activity
7. NOISE: type or lack of as key factor of activity
8. VENTILATION: when fresh air is needed for activity

Question 12

Social Demands

Answer 12

Define the social environment for the demands of the activity. Is it engaged with others, has an influence on others, or has social rules or expectations?

Question 13

Performance Patterns

Answer 13

Habits, routines, rituals and roles that influence and surround participation in occupations.

Question 14

What each step of of a Procedural Task Analysis should include:

Answer 14

1) An action verb
2) How action takes place
3) Objects used/interacted with
4) Time elements (if needed)
5) Amounts used (if needed)