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OT 6415 > OT 6415 Test 1- Pre, Peri, Post Natal > Flashcards

OT 6415 Test 1- Pre, Peri, Post Natal Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm infant

A

Born before 38 weeks of gestation or less

  • Low birthweight: 2500 grams
  • Very low birthweight: 1500 grams
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2
Q

Postconceptual age (PCA)

A
  • 23 weeks PCA= 5-25% survival rate

- 27 weeks PCA= >90% survival rate

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3
Q

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Autosomal dominant

A

Abnormal gene passed on from one of the non-sex chromosomes

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4
Q

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Autosomal recessive

A

Gene must be carried from both parents (1/4 chance of getting disease)

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5
Q

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Sex-Linked

A

Sex linked abnormal gene is passed on sex-linked chromosome by the mother

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6
Q

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Polygenetic (multifactorial)

A

Many genes passed from both parents

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7
Q

STORCH Viruses

A
  • Syphilis
  • Toxoplasmosis Can get it from changing cat litter and sand boxes or eating raw meat- fecal matter from cats can cause death, hydrocephaly, liver damage, and chorioretinits (blindness)
  • Rubella (Measles)- used to be more common prior to vaccination,
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- type of herpes spread through the body fluids, multiple system involvement passed onto baby- Can cause multiple neurological conditions and deafness, very severe for: organ transplants, AIDs patients, and developing fetuses
  • HIV/AIDS
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8
Q

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-BPD

A 
Bronchopulmonary Disease (BPD)- acute respiratory problems that require prolonged use of ventilator
-May need ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)- artificial lung oxygenates blood to circulate back to the body or a bypass
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9
Q

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-MAS

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)- aspiration of meconium (newborn stool) into trachea and bronchi

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10
Q

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-Apnea

A

Prolonged pause in respiration, accompanied by slowing of the heart

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11
Q

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)- air sacs of term babies kept open by a chemical coating called surfactant for gas exchange to occur, Premature babies don’t produce this and lungs collapse

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12
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

A

Premature infants: fetal circulation, which bypasses via ductus arteriosus, remains open, leading to enlargement of heart and back-up of blood in lungs

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13
Q

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

A

Lack of oxygen due to many factors (perinatal), seizures are associated

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14
Q

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-IVH

A

Intraventricular or Intracranial Hemorrhage (IVH)- Bleeding into cerebral ventricles and surrounding brain tissue

  • Grade 1 and 2 can be reversed
  • Grade 3: can cause motor problems, can cause CP. If half the tracts are affected= spastic diplegia
  • Grade 4: Most severe, involves bleeding into ventricles, can cause severs CP
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15
Q

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-PVL

A 
Preventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)- necrosis of white matter below the cortex around the ventricles
-type of infant brain damage
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16
Q

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-Hydrocephalus

A

Inflammation from blood into ventricles impedes circulation and re-absorption of CSF. Build-up of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

17
Q

Metabolic Problems of Prematurity

-Hyperbilirubemia and Hyper/Hypoglycemia

A
  • Hyperbilirubemia: exess of bilirubin, referred to as jaundice
  • Hyper/hypoglycemia: blood sugar imbalance (can cause issues with controlling temp and regulating breathing)
18
Q

Necrotizing Entercolitis (NEC)

A

Necrosis of the mucosa of the small intestine and colon

19
Q

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) grades

A
  • Grades 1 and 2: minor, no long-term effects
  • Grade 3: results in high levels of nearsightedness
  • Grade 4: involves the retina being partly attached, causes significant vision problems
  • Grade 5: Completely detached retina, leads to blindness
20
Q

Stages of prematurity

A
  • Early preemie: less than 30 weeks gestation- unstable physiological signs, drowsy state, flaccid tone
  • Developing preemie: 30-35 weeks gestation- more stable, disorganized movements, beginning to flex knees, attends briefly to caregiver
  • Older preemie: 35 weeks + gestation: movements more smooth, greater tone, begins to respond to social interaction
21
Q

Frames of References used with premees

A
  • Coping
  • Sensory integration
  • Sensory processing
  • Motor skills acquisition
  • Temp regulation
  • Feeding
  • Positioning

OT 6415 (7 decks)

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