OT 6415 Test 1- Pre, Peri, Post Natal

Question 1

Preterm infant

Answer 1

Born before 38 weeks of gestation or less

• Low birthweight: 2500 grams
• Very low birthweight: 1500 grams

Question 2

Postconceptual age (PCA)

Answer 2

• 23 weeks PCA= 5-25% survival rate

- 27 weeks PCA= >90% survival rate

Question 3

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Autosomal dominant

Answer 3

Abnormal gene passed on from one of the non-sex chromosomes

Question 4

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Autosomal recessive

Answer 4

Gene must be carried from both parents (1/4 chance of getting disease)

Question 5

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Sex-Linked

Answer 5

Sex linked abnormal gene is passed on sex-linked chromosome by the mother

Question 6

Pre-Natal Genetic Disorders

-Polygenetic (multifactorial)

Answer 6

Many genes passed from both parents

Question 7

STORCH Viruses

Answer 7

• Syphilis
• Toxoplasmosis Can get it from changing cat litter and sand boxes or eating raw meat- fecal matter from cats can cause death, hydrocephaly, liver damage, and chorioretinits (blindness)
• Rubella (Measles)- used to be more common prior to vaccination,
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- type of herpes spread through the body fluids, multiple system involvement passed onto baby- Can cause multiple neurological conditions and deafness, very severe for: organ transplants, AIDs patients, and developing fetuses
• HIV/AIDS

Question 8

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-BPD

Answer 8

Bronchopulmonary Disease (BPD)- acute respiratory problems that require prolonged use of ventilator
-May need ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)- artificial lung oxygenates blood to circulate back to the body or a bypass

Question 9

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-MAS

Answer 9

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)- aspiration of meconium (newborn stool) into trachea and bronchi

Question 10

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-Apnea

Answer 10

Prolonged pause in respiration, accompanied by slowing of the heart

Question 11

Respiratory Problems of Prematurity

-RDS

Answer 11

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)- air sacs of term babies kept open by a chemical coating called surfactant for gas exchange to occur, Premature babies don’t produce this and lungs collapse

Question 12

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

Answer 12

Premature infants: fetal circulation, which bypasses via ductus arteriosus, remains open, leading to enlargement of heart and back-up of blood in lungs

Question 13

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Answer 13

Lack of oxygen due to many factors (perinatal), seizures are associated

Question 14

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-IVH

Answer 14

Intraventricular or Intracranial Hemorrhage (IVH)- Bleeding into cerebral ventricles and surrounding brain tissue

• Grade 1 and 2 can be reversed
• Grade 3: can cause motor problems, can cause CP. If half the tracts are affected= spastic diplegia
• Grade 4: Most severe, involves bleeding into ventricles, can cause severs CP

Question 15

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-PVL

Answer 15

Preventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)- necrosis of white matter below the cortex around the ventricles
-type of infant brain damage

Question 16

Neurological Problems of Prematurity

-Hydrocephalus

Answer 16

Inflammation from blood into ventricles impedes circulation and re-absorption of CSF. Build-up of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

Question 17

Metabolic Problems of Prematurity

-Hyperbilirubemia and Hyper/Hypoglycemia

Answer 17

• Hyperbilirubemia: exess of bilirubin, referred to as jaundice
• Hyper/hypoglycemia: blood sugar imbalance (can cause issues with controlling temp and regulating breathing)

Question 18

Necrotizing Entercolitis (NEC)

Answer 18

Necrosis of the mucosa of the small intestine and colon

Question 19

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) grades

Answer 19

• Grades 1 and 2: minor, no long-term effects
• Grade 3: results in high levels of nearsightedness
• Grade 4: involves the retina being partly attached, causes significant vision problems
• Grade 5: Completely detached retina, leads to blindness

Question 20

Stages of prematurity

Answer 20

• Early preemie: less than 30 weeks gestation- unstable physiological signs, drowsy state, flaccid tone
• Developing preemie: 30-35 weeks gestation- more stable, disorganized movements, beginning to flex knees, attends briefly to caregiver
• Older preemie: 35 weeks + gestation: movements more smooth, greater tone, begins to respond to social interaction

Question 21

Frames of References used with premees

Answer 21

• Coping
• Sensory integration
• Sensory processing
• Motor skills acquisition
• Temp regulation
• Feeding
• Positioning