OT 6415 Final Test- visual issues and NDT

Question 1

Scanning

Answer 1

The ability of the retina to record all of the scene systematically through the use of a scan path
-Strategies: Column/row search for numbers, hidden picture search, etc.

Question 2

Pattern recognition

Answer 2

Ability to store information in memory requiring pattern detection and recognition
-Find the next shape, sequencing bead game

Question 3

Visual cognition

Answer 3

Ability to mentally manipulate visual information and integrate it with other information to solve problems, formulate plans and make decisions

Question 4

Form constancy

Answer 4

the recognition that forms and objects remain the same in various environments, positions and sizes
-Strategy: letter reversal chart, find same shape in picture

Question 5

Visual closure

Answer 5

Identification of forms or objects from incomplete representations

Question 6

Figure ground

Answer 6

Ability to perceive a form visually and to find this form hidden in a conglomerated ground or model
-strategies: where’s Waldo, I Spy, etc.

Question 7

Esotropia vs. exotropia

Answer 7

• Esotropia: eyes turn in

- Exotropia: eyes turn out

Question 8

Hypertropia vs. hypotropia

Answer 8

• Hypertropia: eyes turn upwards

- Hypotropia: eyes turn downward

Question 9

NDT Theory

Answer 9

• Based on delay in motor milestones of self function and compensatory movements for abnormal tone
• Treatment goals: decrease abnormal tone, increase normal tone and equilibrium reaction, provide means of handling and play abilities for function and prevent contractures and deformity

Question 10

Postural tone for normal movement

Answer 10

Allows us to move against gravity with ease

Question 11

Dissociation for normal movement

Answer 11

Ability to separate movements between various parts of the body

Question 12

Stability and mobility for normal movement

Answer 12

• Ability to maintain and move in and out of position with mature righting and equilibrium
• In normal movements, each body part is both a stabilizer and a mobilizer

Question 13

Postural control for normal movement

Answer 13

• Reciprocal innervation: interplay between agonist and antagonist
• Co-contraction: both exert the same force
• Mid range: limited range of excursion which does mot approach either extreme of range

Question 14

Preparation techniques of NDT treatment

Answer 14

• Decrease abnormal tone through positioning
• Elongate the muscle
• Mobilization
• ROM
• Myofascial release

Question 15

Handling techniques of NDT treatment

Answer 15

• Key points of control
• Provide stability to increase mobility
• Grade the input

Question 16

Inhibition and facilitation techniques of NDT treatment

Answer 16

• Tapping and sweeping
• Intermittent/sustained compression
• Traction
• Weight bearing and weight shifting