OT 6415 Final Test- Biomechanical and Learning disabilities Flashcards
Benefits of standing devices
At least one hour a day in a standing device can greatly reduce chance for hip surgery
-also improves digestion, respiration, bowel and bladder function
How often will insurance replace wheelchairs?
- Insurance expects wheelchairs to last 3 to 5 years
- adjustability is very important because of this
How should wheelchair fit?
- Back height should be below shoulder blades: provides adequate postural support and UE function
- Seat width: should allow for future growth while providing comfort and support for pelvis and thighs
90-90-90 angle
Not always the appropriate angle to aim for with wheelchair seating and may lead to slouching
-Should first and foremost honor position- support pt, wheelchairs are not for ranging!
Wheelchair seating considerations
Children with long-term disabilities often require much more back support due to weakness in trunk, deformity or spasticity
Learning disorders
- Affect spoken or written language
- Now classified as disorder instead of disability as per DSMV
- Academic skill must be well below the average
- Must significantly interfere with academic achievement, occupational performance, or ADL’s (ADL’s show OT’s place at table)
Language disorders
- Expressive language disorder: difficulty conveying knowledge through speech despite understanding of what they want to say
- Receptive language disorder: difficulty understanding or acting on auditory commands
Dyslexia
- A learning disorder that is NEUROLOGICAL in nature and produces poor spelling, difficulty with decoding, poor vocabulary, and deficits with reading comprehension
- Does not mean child is unintelligent
- issues with word recognition and fluency
Structural issues that cause dyslexia
- Increased white matter
- Larger R side of corpus callosum
- directionality changes in brain
- Visual information sent to frontal gyrus instead of auditory processing areas making decoding hard
- ->Pts will try to memorize words because of this
Dyslexia Dysgraphia
- Poor handwriting due to poor encoding and processing speed
- Lack the language skills to write fluently and legibly (poor spellers, but usually good at drawing)
Motor-based dysgraphia
- Poor handwriting due to “motor clumsiness”
- Verbally adept and are usually skillfully readers and spellers (can orally spell, but issues writing and drawing)
Spatial dysgraphia
- Poor handwriting due to deficits in understanding space
- issues with spatial perception in letter formation and drawing
Spelling assessments for dysgraphia
- Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
- Test of Written Spelling
- Words their Way Spelling Assessment
- Informal analysis of spelling in class
Fine motor assessments for dysgraphia
-Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (finger tapping)
-BOT-2
Test of Handwriting Assessment
-Observations of fine motor skills
Spatial assessments for dysgraphia
- Draw a Person
- The Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration
- Observations during drawing or art class
