Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopetrosis

Question 1

Bone types
Bone remodelling cell physiology

Answer 1

Question 2

Bone resorption regulation

Answer 2

Question 3

Bone formation and resorption factors

Bone strength factors

Answer 3

Question 4

Osteoporosis

Definition

Answer 4

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Etiologies

Answer 5

Question 6

Osteoporosis

Clinical presentation

Answer 6

Question 7

Bone Mineral Density

Peak age
Scoring
Measurement

Answer 7

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Scoring cutoff
Relevance of SD -2.5

Answer 8

Question 9

Osteoporosis

P/E
Ix

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the history taking and PE for osteoporosis?

Answer 10

FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool):
Medical history: history of fall, fracture
Drug history: glucocorticoid/thyroxine/cyclosporine/tacrolimus/anti-convulsants
Family history: family history of osteoporosis
Social history: smoking, alcoholism, physical inactivity, malnutrition

PE: height and weight measurement (vertebral fracture: kyphosis, height loss)
Signs of secondary causes of osteoporosis: Cushing syndrome, thyrotoxicosis
Factors influencing propensity to fall: vision/hearing/gait/postural sway/muscle strength

Question 11

What is the medical treatment for osteoporosis?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is non pharmacological management of osteoporosis?

Answer 12

Question 13

Bisphhosphonates

Classes
Use
MoA
ADR
C/I

Answer 13

Question 14

Calcitonin

Forms
MoA

Answer 14

Question 15

Denosumab

MoA
ADR
C/I

Answer 15

Question 16

Teriparatide

RoA
MoA
ADR
C/I

Answer 16

Question 17

Strontium Ranelate

MoA
ADR

Answer 17

Question 18

Secondary OP

Common causes
Steroid induced osteoporosis: mechanism, features

Answer 18

Question 19

Osteomalacia

Causes
Diagnosis

Answer 19

Question 20

Osteopetrosis

Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation

Answer 20