OSTEOPOROSIS Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
- chronic progressive bone disease
- results when bone loss occurs at a faster rate than normal
What does osteoporosis do to bones?
- Bone tissue deteriorates & bone mass is lost
- Bones become porous & brittle
- Bones will break easily
What are the most common fractures associated with osteoporosis?
- wrists, shoulders hips and spine
What is bone deposition?
- adding minerals to the bone
What is bone resorption?
- taking minerals out of the bone
Which organ secretes the hormone calcitonin?
- the thyroid gland
What is the purpose of the hormone calcitonin?
- aids in the storage of calcium & phosphate (stronger bones)
How is the skeletal system affected by osteoporosis?
- bones are fragile & fracture easily
Which systems of the body are affected by osteoporosis?
- cardiopulmonary system
- skeletal system
- muscular system
- psychologically
How can osteoporosis affect someone psychologically?
- coping with pain and loss of function will affect emotional health (depression, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, & confidence)
What do bone density tests do?
- detect osteoporosis & low bone mass density
- help predict chances of fracturing
- monitor the effects of treatment
How is bone density measured?
- a score (called a T-score) is calculated that describes the density of the bones (usually at the spine and hip) - tells us how strong the bones are compared to the bones of an average young adult
What is a normal bone density score?
- A T score of -1 to +1 is considered normal bone density
- 1 SD below the mean is normal
What bone score indicates osteopenia or low bone density?
- 1.0 to 2.5 SD below the mean
What bone density score indicates osteoporosis?
- Below 2.5 SD
Who should get a BMD test?
- All women and men 65 years or older
- Postmenopausal women and men 50 – 64
- Younger men or women (under 50) with a disease or condition associated with low bone mass or bone loss
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
- A fracture after age 40
- Low bone mass identified on x-ray
- Parental hip fracture
- High alcohol intake
- Current smoking
- Low body weight
- High risk medication use
- Rheumatoid arthritis
What are some risk factors of osteoarthritis in young adults?
- Fragility fractures
- High-risk medication use
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Cushing’s disease
- Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
- Early menopause (< 45)
What are some risk factors we cannot change?
- Being older
- Being female
- Post-menopausal
- Family history of fractures
- Chronic condition
What are some risk factors that we can change?
- Smoking
- Excessive use of alcohol
- Inadequate dietary intake of calcium
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Light bodyweight
What are some secondary problems associated with osteoporosis?
- Increased risk for fractures (older adults).
- Microscopic fractures in the thoracic region of the spine may lead to “dowager’s hump”.
What can goal-oriented rehabilitation offer?
- reduce disability
- improve physical function
- lower the risk of falls
What type of exercise helps osteoporosis?
- resistance training
- balance training
- water exercises
What are some helpful interventions to aid with osteoporosis?
- Pain Management
- Recreation Participation
- Community Integration
- Health Promotion (education)
What are some good low impact activities?
- walking, hiking, and group exercise classes (low impact)
What type of exercise is good for less advanced osteoporosis?
- low impact
What are some good activities for those who experience more advanced osteoporosis?
- treadmill, stepper, elliptical and group exercise classes (that do not include any high impact)
Explain how resistance training can be beneficial?
- light weights and/or bands could be very useful if preformed properly and if the principles of progression and overload are used correctly
Why is balance training beneficial?
- help prevent falls or the client may be interested in participating in a yoga or tai chi class that would really address balance issues
How can a client increase or decrease the difficulty of water exercises?
- the depth of the water - provides natural resistance to movement
What can aid with pain management?
- relaxation training
- massage
- warm water exercise
- exercise
