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KIN 341 - PHYSICAL DISABILITIES > OSTEOPOROSIS > Flashcards

OSTEOPOROSIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A
  • chronic progressive bone disease

- results when bone loss occurs at a faster rate than normal

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2
Q

What does osteoporosis do to bones?

A
  • Bone tissue deteriorates & bone mass is lost
  • Bones become porous & brittle
  • Bones will break easily
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3
Q

What are the most common fractures associated with osteoporosis?

A
  • wrists, shoulders hips and spine
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4
Q

What is bone deposition?

A
  • adding minerals to the bone
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5
Q

What is bone resorption?

A
  • taking minerals out of the bone
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6
Q

Which organ secretes the hormone calcitonin?

A
  • the thyroid gland
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7
Q

What is the purpose of the hormone calcitonin?

A
  • aids in the storage of calcium & phosphate (stronger bones)
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8
Q

How is the skeletal system affected by osteoporosis?

A
  • bones are fragile & fracture easily
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9
Q

Which systems of the body are affected by osteoporosis?

A
  • cardiopulmonary system
  • skeletal system
  • muscular system
  • psychologically
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10
Q

How can osteoporosis affect someone psychologically?

A
  • coping with pain and loss of function will affect emotional health (depression, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, & confidence)
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11
Q

What do bone density tests do?

A
  • detect osteoporosis & low bone mass density
  • help predict chances of fracturing
  • monitor the effects of treatment
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12
Q

How is bone density measured?

A
  • a score (called a T-score) is calculated that describes the density of the bones (usually at the spine and hip) - tells us how strong the bones are compared to the bones of an average young adult
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13
Q

What is a normal bone density score?

A
  • A T score of -1 to +1 is considered normal bone density

- 1 SD below the mean is normal

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14
Q

What bone score indicates osteopenia or low bone density?

A
  • 1.0 to 2.5 SD below the mean
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15
Q

What bone density score indicates osteoporosis?

A
  • Below 2.5 SD
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16
Q

Who should get a BMD test?

A
  • All women and men 65 years or older
  • Postmenopausal women and men 50 – 64
  • Younger men or women (under 50) with a disease or condition associated with low bone mass or bone loss
17
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
  • A fracture after age 40
  • Low bone mass identified on x-ray
  • Parental hip fracture
  • High alcohol intake
  • Current smoking
  • Low body weight
  • High risk medication use
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
18
Q

What are some risk factors of osteoarthritis in young adults?

A
  • Fragility fractures
  • High-risk medication use
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Cushing’s disease
  • Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
  • Early menopause (< 45)
19
Q

What are some risk factors we cannot change?

A
  • Being older
  • Being female
  • Post-menopausal
  • Family history of fractures
  • Chronic condition
20
Q

What are some risk factors that we can change?

A
  • Smoking
  • Excessive use of alcohol
  • Inadequate dietary intake of calcium
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Light bodyweight
21
Q

What are some secondary problems associated with osteoporosis?

A
  • Increased risk for fractures (older adults).

- Microscopic fractures in the thoracic region of the spine may lead to “dowager’s hump”.

22
Q

What can goal-oriented rehabilitation offer?

A
  • reduce disability
  • improve physical function
  • lower the risk of falls
23
Q

What type of exercise helps osteoporosis?

A
  • resistance training
  • balance training
  • water exercises
24
Q

What are some helpful interventions to aid with osteoporosis?

A
  • Pain Management
  • Recreation Participation
  • Community Integration
  • Health Promotion (education)
25
Q

What are some good low impact activities?

A
  • walking, hiking, and group exercise classes (low impact)
26
Q

What type of exercise is good for less advanced osteoporosis?

A
  • low impact
27
Q

What are some good activities for those who experience more advanced osteoporosis?

A
  • treadmill, stepper, elliptical and group exercise classes (that do not include any high impact)
28
Q

Explain how resistance training can be beneficial?

A
  • light weights and/or bands could be very useful if preformed properly and if the principles of progression and overload are used correctly
29
Q

Why is balance training beneficial?

A
  • help prevent falls or the client may be interested in participating in a yoga or tai chi class that would really address balance issues
30
Q

How can a client increase or decrease the difficulty of water exercises?

A
  • the depth of the water - provides natural resistance to movement
31
Q

What can aid with pain management?

A
  • relaxation training
  • massage
  • warm water exercise
  • exercise

KIN 341 - PHYSICAL DISABILITIES (5 decks)

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