AMPUTATIONS Flashcards
1
Q
What is an amputation?
A
- loss of a limb or portion of a limb
2
Q
What is an acquired amputation?
A
- an amputation that has occurred after birth
3
Q
What is congenital absence?
A
- born with the limb
4
Q
What are some common reasons for amputation?
A
- Birth Defect
- Accident
- Tumors
- Infections
- Poor Blood Flow
5
Q
What are some common issues associated with an amputation? (depending on reason)
A
- Traumatic brain injury
- Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PSTD)
- Psychosocial stressors (significant life changes)
- Pain (acute post-surgical pain and phantom limb pain)
- Phantom sensation (feeling the body part is still there)
6
Q
What are some options to treat phantom limb pain?
A
- Massage
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
- Medications
- Exercises
- Relaxation Training
- Distractions
7
Q
What is a TENS machine?
A
- sends electrical pulses through the skin to start your body’s own pain killers. The electrical pulses can release endorphins and other substances to stop pain signals in the brain.
8
Q
What are some common problems after an amputation?
A
- infection
- edema
- dermatologic problems
- neuromas
- joint tightness
- balance problems
- body images
9
Q
What is a neuroma?
A
- a small ball of nerves at the end of the injured site
10
Q
What is edema?
A
- swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body’s tissues
11
Q
What are some signs of infection?
A
- red, warm, swollen, foul-smelling, draining – open wound
12
Q
What are the five body image adjustment stages?
A
- denial
- anger
- depression
- grief
- adjustment
13
Q
Explain the denial stage of body adjustment.
A
- defence mechanism used to protect (not ready to accept)
14
Q
Explain the anger stage of body adjustment.
A
- really fear of being forced to accept the situation
15
Q
Explain the depression stage of body adjustment.
A
- takes over when they realize what they have lost
16
Q
Explain the grief stage of body adjustment.
A
- loss of their limb and their old life
17
Q
Explain the adjustment stage of body adjustment.
A
- when they realize what their abilities are – discover a new normal
18
Q
What is pre prosthesis training?
A
- teach the individual how to function without a limb (control pain & swelling, prevent joint stiffness, and remobilize the remaining limb)
19
Q
What is post prosthesis training?
A
- teach the individual how to use and care for a prosthetic limb (focus on proper fit, start weight-bearing on the stump, increase time of wearing the prosthetic limb)
20
Q
List some important areas of functional skill development in regard to post prosthetic therapy.
A
- Limb & prosthesis care
- Bilateral integration
- Postural control & alignment
- Sensory awareness
- Activity adaptation
21
Q
What are the basics of stump care?
A
- Wash and dry stump
- Apply lotion when dry
- Put a shrinker sock on
- Clean prosthetic limb
22
Q
Why is it important to practice movements that require bilateral integration?
A
- prosthesis lacks sensory feedback so it is difficult to position and control certain movements
- practice allows residual limb to maintain muscle and joint integrity
23
Q
Why are postural control and alignment important for an amputee?
A
- awareness and training will help avoid secondary problems with back and hip pain
24
Q
Why is sensory awareness and processing important?
A
- individuals must learn to compensate for a decrease in sensory input
25
What are some aspects of team therapy in regard to working with an amputee?
- Education
- ROM & Strengthening Exercises
- Ambulation & Mobility Training
- Functional Training (home & community)
26
What is coping?
- defined as “a capacity to respond” to stress (can help or make the situation worse)
27
What is managing?
- implies a person has the “knowledge and resources” to control the stressful situation
28
What are some coping styles?
- problem-focused
- emotion-focused
- approach coping
- avoidance coping
- positive coping
- meaning-focused coping
- spiritual coping
29
What is problem-focused coping?
- remove stressor
30
What is emotion-focused coping?
- reduce or prevent emotional distress
31
What is approach coping?
- dealing directly with the stressor
32
What is avoidance coping?
- not dealing with the stressor
33
What is positive coping?
- engage in positive experiences
34
What is meaning-focused coping?
- find meaning in a stressful situation
35
What is spiritual coping?
- engage in spiritual activities
36
What are some important considerations when dealing with a client?
- lifestyle
- interests
- personality
- resources
- finances
- supports
- abilities and limitations
37
What are some good relaxation techniques?
- deep breathing
- progressive relaxation
- meditation
- visualization
- autogenic
38
What is progressive relaxation?
- you tense a group of muscles as you breathe in, and you relax them as you breathe out
39
What is visualization?
- the formation of a mental image of something
| - essentially envisioning yourself doing the action
40
What is autogenic relaxation?
- "tell" your body to relax and help control breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, and body temperature.
41
What is Leisure Education/Counselling?
- recommended for Individuals who have limited knowledge, skills, and/or resources related to the benefits of a healthy leisure lifestyle.
- need to help individuals learn and practice healthy leisure skills.
42
Why is it important to facilitate experiential leisure opportunities?
- recommended for individuals who have limited awareness and knowledge about the positive benefits of leisure involvement to management stress.
- needs to help individuals identify and participate in meaningful leisure activities (increase competence and control).
43
Why is it important to facilitate community and social engagement?
- recommended for individuals who have limited social supports and/or leisure companions.
- need to connect individuals for support and leisure participation opportunities
