ARTHRITIS Flashcards
1
Q
What is the general definition of arthritis?
A
- inflammation of the joint
- pain, stiffness, redness, and swelling
- progressive bone and joint damage
2
Q
What are the two most common types of arthritis?
A
- Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid
3
Q
What is the leading cause of disability in Canada?
A
- Arthritis
4
Q
How many Canadians are affected by arthritis?
A
- more than four million (all ages)
5
Q
What are the four classes of arthritis?
A
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid
- fibromyalgia
- lupus
6
Q
What is the most common type of arthritis?
A
- osteoarthritis
7
Q
How many Canadian adults are affects by osteoarthritis?
A
- 1 in 10
8
Q
Which type of arthritis is known as “wear and tear” arthritis?
A
- osteoarthritis
9
Q
What is osteoarthritis? (What’s happening biologically?)
A
- caused by the breakdown of cartilage
- ends of bones rub against each other causing pain and swelling
- degenerative progressive joint disease
10
Q
What is the average age of onset for osteoarthritis?
A
- 45
- body fails to repair damaged tissue
11
Q
Which demographic is most affected by osteoarthritis?
A
- common in all races and backgrounds
- may affect women more than men
12
Q
How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?
A
- Family history
- Review signs & symptoms
- Examine joints
- Request x-rays
13
Q
What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis?
A
- age
- family history
- excess weight
- joint injury
- wear and tear
14
Q
Which joints are most likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?
A
- can affect any joint but common in…
- usually present in weight bearing joints (hips, knees, feet and spine) and hands and fingers
15
Q
What are Heberden’s nodes?
A
- hard bony lumps in the joints of your fingers
16
Q
What are some signs and symptoms of arthritis?
A
- Joint pain
- Joint stiffness
- Loss of movement
- Nodes around the joints
- Joint swelling
- Muscle weakness
17
Q
What are some common signs and symptoms those affect by arthritis would experience in the morning?
A
- Joint pain
- Joint stiffness
- Joint swelling
18
Q
What are some secondary problems associated with osteoarthritis?
A
- pain
- psychological changes
- cardiopulmonary endurance
- muscle atrophy
- weakness and numbness
- sexual dysfunction
19
Q
How does arthritis pain affect someone?
A
- avoid activity for fear of experiencing more pain
- makes ADL tough
20
Q
What are some psychological changes that may occur when experiencing osteoarthritis?
A
- depression, anxiety and feelings or helplessness are common for someone who experiences chronic pain
21
Q
How is cardiopulmonary endurance affected by arthritis?
A
- pain and physical limitations may prevent one from increasing their cardio fitness level (deconditioning)
22
Q
Why is musclar atrophy associated with arthritis?
A
- a decrease in activity levels results in a loss of muscle strength (affected limbs)
23
Q
What areas are generally affected by weakness and numbness associated with arthritis?
A
- upper and lower extremities depending on which joints are affected
24
Q
Why is sexual dysfunction associated with arthritis?
A
- may result due to pain, limited range of motion, limited endurance and psychological changes.
25
Which symptoms of arthritis are associated with a sedentary lifestyle?
- muscle atrophy
- weakness and numbness
- sexual dysfunction
26
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
- type of inflammatory arthritis as well as an autoimmune disease (the body’s immune system is confused and begins to attack itself)
27
Where does inflammation occur with rheumatoid arthritis?
- manifests in the lining of the joints – pain, swelling, joint damage and deformity
28
When is rheumatoid arthritis most commonly diagnosed?
- between ages 25-50
29
Which demographic is most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
- women
30
How many Canadians are affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
- 1 : 100
31
How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?
- Blood Tests
- Urinalysis
- X-rays
Joint-Fluid Tests
32
What does a blood test reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
- shows the amount of infection in the body & measures the amount of inflammation
33
What does urinalysis reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
- check for infection in the bladder or kidneys
34
What does a joint fluid test reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
- removes fluid from the joint to check for infection
35
What are some risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis?
- genetic factor
- environmental factors
- hormones
36
How do genetic factors affect the probability of being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?
- an individual may develop RA if there is a family history of RA
- women are 2-3 times more likely to get RA than men
37
How do environmental factors affect rheumatoid arthritis?
- certain viruses or infections may trigger the disease
| - smoking has been linked to RA
38
How can hormones affect rheumatoid arthritis?
- changes in hormones may promote the development of RA
39
What joints are affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
- affects all body joints (wrist, fingers, neck, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles and feet)
- affects right and left sides equally
40
What are some early signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
- (Flu-like) feeling tired, soreness in joints, low-grade fever, and loss of appetite (even weight)
41
What are some advanced signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
- joints are warm, swollen, painful and red (may also experience morning stiffness and flu-like symptoms)
42
What are some general symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
- inflammation
- impaired range of motion
- functional limitations
- joint deformity
- rheumatoid nodules
- fatigue
- depression
43
What are rheumatoid nodules?
- firm lumps that develop under the skin
- usually occur near joints affected by the condition
- 1/4 people with disease experience this symptom
44
What are some secondary problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
- pain
- psychological changes
- cardiopulmonary endurance (low)
- bone loss
- muscle atrophy
- sexual dysfunction
45
Explain the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?
- synovial Inflammation
| - swelling of the synovial lining in the joint will cause pain, warmth, stiffness, redness, and swelling
46
What treatments are beneficial for the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?
- prevent joint deformity and pain (splints)
| - education – energy conservation
47
Explain the subacute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Post-Inflammation – there is a rapid division of cell growth which causes the synovium to thicken.
48
What treatments are beneficial in the subacute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Maintain or increase mobility, strength, and endurance
- Maintain or increase functional abilities
- Prevent deformity (splints and joint protection)
- Develop problem-solving skills (energy conservation and joint protection)
49
Explain the chronic stages of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Inflammation has subsided and joint deformity is evident
50
What treatments are beneficial in the chronic stage of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Focus on long-term health and wellness
| - Social opportunities are important to help build self-esteem & self-confidence
51
What is the purpose of therapy and treatment for arthritis?
- controlling the pain (pain management)
| - improving function (moderate exercise)
52
What is a good treatment plan for someone experiencing arthritis?
- combination of medical guidance and self-management strategies
- treatment Team Approach (PT, OT, ET, RT, & counselling)
53
What are two important areas of education for those experiencing arthritis?
- pain management & stress management
| - joint care
54
Why are pain management and stress management important?
- needs to focus on learning to pace and prioritize tasks (relaxation training)
55
Why is joint care important?
- needs to be reinforced when participating in leisure and recreation (home & community)
56
Why is counseling important?
- helps to treat depression
| - need a combination of education, social support and some form of physical activity (land or water based)
57
What non-prescription medication can help treat arthritis?
- Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, etc.
58
What prescription medication can help treat arthritis?
- Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), Corticosteroid Injections, etc.
59
Why are medications helpful in treating arthritis?
- given to control pain, stiffness and swelling (maybe slow down the disease)
60
How can you decrease stress on joints?
- Maintain good posture
- Focus on proper alignment
- Avoid overuse (joints and activities)
- Avoid long periods – the same position
- Change activities often
- Use assistive devices as needed
61
What does heat application help with in regard to arthritis?
- Relieve Pain
- Reduce Joint Stiffness
- Relieve Muscle Spasms
62
What does cold application help with in regard to arthritis?
- Decrease Swelling
- Decrease Pain
- Constrict Blood Flow (inflamed joint)
63
Why is physical activity helpful for those experiencing arthritis?
- helps with ROM, normal movement of joints, muscle strength and preventing deformity
- will help reduce pain, control weight, improve sleep and help maintain a positive attitude
64
Why is rest beneficial for those experiencing arthritis?
- gives the body time to refuel (control fatigue and reduce pain)
65
What type of exercise is beneficial for those experiencing arthritis?
- Range of motion exercises
- Strengthening exercises
- Endurance exercises
66
Why are range of motion exercises beneficial?
- relieve stiffness
- relax muscles
- increase blood flow
- improve muscle balance and posture
- improve function
67
Why are strengthening exercises important?
- increase muscle strength
- increase joint support
- improve ability to move
68
Why are endurance exercises beneficial?
- strengthen heart
- increase energy
- control weight
- walking, swimming, cycling, tai chi, yoga.
69
Why are leisure and community important?
- leisure and recreation activities help reduce stress and maintain functional fitness
- community involvement will increase a sense of belonging
