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KIN 341 - PHYSICAL DISABILITIES > ARTHRITIS > Flashcards

ARTHRITIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general definition of arthritis?

A
  • inflammation of the joint
  • pain, stiffness, redness, and swelling
  • progressive bone and joint damage
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2
Q

What are the two most common types of arthritis?

A
  • Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid
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3
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in Canada?

A
  • Arthritis
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4
Q

How many Canadians are affected by arthritis?

A
  • more than four million (all ages)
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5
Q

What are the four classes of arthritis?

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid
  • fibromyalgia
  • lupus
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6
Q

What is the most common type of arthritis?

A
  • osteoarthritis
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7
Q

How many Canadian adults are affects by osteoarthritis?

A
  • 1 in 10
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8
Q

Which type of arthritis is known as “wear and tear” arthritis?

A
  • osteoarthritis
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9
Q

What is osteoarthritis? (What’s happening biologically?)

A
  • caused by the breakdown of cartilage
  • ends of bones rub against each other causing pain and swelling
  • degenerative progressive joint disease
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10
Q

What is the average age of onset for osteoarthritis?

A
  • 45

- body fails to repair damaged tissue

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11
Q

Which demographic is most affected by osteoarthritis?

A
  • common in all races and backgrounds

- may affect women more than men

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12
Q

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

A
  • Family history
  • Review signs & symptoms
  • Examine joints
  • Request x-rays
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13
Q

What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis?

A
  • age
  • family history
  • excess weight
  • joint injury
  • wear and tear
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14
Q

Which joints are most likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?

A
  • can affect any joint but common in…

- usually present in weight bearing joints (hips, knees, feet and spine) and hands and fingers

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15
Q

What are Heberden’s nodes?

A
  • hard bony lumps in the joints of your fingers
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16
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of arthritis?

A
  • Joint pain
  • Joint stiffness
  • Loss of movement
  • Nodes around the joints
  • Joint swelling
  • Muscle weakness
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17
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms those affect by arthritis would experience in the morning?

A
  • Joint pain
  • Joint stiffness
  • Joint swelling
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18
Q

What are some secondary problems associated with osteoarthritis?

A
  • pain
  • psychological changes
  • cardiopulmonary endurance
  • muscle atrophy
  • weakness and numbness
  • sexual dysfunction
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19
Q

How does arthritis pain affect someone?

A
  • avoid activity for fear of experiencing more pain

- makes ADL tough

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20
Q

What are some psychological changes that may occur when experiencing osteoarthritis?

A
  • depression, anxiety and feelings or helplessness are common for someone who experiences chronic pain
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21
Q

How is cardiopulmonary endurance affected by arthritis?

A
  • pain and physical limitations may prevent one from increasing their cardio fitness level (deconditioning)
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22
Q

Why is musclar atrophy associated with arthritis?

A
  • a decrease in activity levels results in a loss of muscle strength (affected limbs)
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23
Q

What areas are generally affected by weakness and numbness associated with arthritis?

A
  • upper and lower extremities depending on which joints are affected
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24
Q

Why is sexual dysfunction associated with arthritis?

A
  • may result due to pain, limited range of motion, limited endurance and psychological changes.
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25
Q

Which symptoms of arthritis are associated with a sedentary lifestyle?

A
  • muscle atrophy
  • weakness and numbness
  • sexual dysfunction
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26
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • type of inflammatory arthritis as well as an autoimmune disease (the body’s immune system is confused and begins to attack itself)
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27
Q

Where does inflammation occur with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • manifests in the lining of the joints – pain, swelling, joint damage and deformity
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28
Q

When is rheumatoid arthritis most commonly diagnosed?

A
  • between ages 25-50
29
Q

Which demographic is most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • women
30
Q

How many Canadians are affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • 1 : 100
31
Q

How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

A
  • Blood Tests
  • Urinalysis
  • X-rays
    Joint-Fluid Tests
32
Q

What does a blood test reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • shows the amount of infection in the body & measures the amount of inflammation
33
Q

What does urinalysis reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • check for infection in the bladder or kidneys
34
Q

What does a joint fluid test reveal when trying to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • removes fluid from the joint to check for infection
35
Q

What are some risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • genetic factor
  • environmental factors
  • hormones
36
Q

How do genetic factors affect the probability of being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • an individual may develop RA if there is a family history of RA
  • women are 2-3 times more likely to get RA than men
37
Q

How do environmental factors affect rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • certain viruses or infections may trigger the disease

- smoking has been linked to RA

38
Q

How can hormones affect rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • changes in hormones may promote the development of RA
39
Q

What joints are affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • affects all body joints (wrist, fingers, neck, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles and feet)
  • affects right and left sides equally
40
Q

What are some early signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • (Flu-like) feeling tired, soreness in joints, low-grade fever, and loss of appetite (even weight)
41
Q

What are some advanced signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • joints are warm, swollen, painful and red (may also experience morning stiffness and flu-like symptoms)
42
Q

What are some general symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • inflammation
  • impaired range of motion
  • functional limitations
  • joint deformity
  • rheumatoid nodules
  • fatigue
  • depression
43
Q

What are rheumatoid nodules?

A
  • firm lumps that develop under the skin
  • usually occur near joints affected by the condition
  • 1/4 people with disease experience this symptom
44
Q

What are some secondary problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • pain
  • psychological changes
  • cardiopulmonary endurance (low)
  • bone loss
  • muscle atrophy
  • sexual dysfunction
45
Q

Explain the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • synovial Inflammation

- swelling of the synovial lining in the joint will cause pain, warmth, stiffness, redness, and swelling

46
Q

What treatments are beneficial for the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • prevent joint deformity and pain (splints)

- education – energy conservation

47
Q

Explain the subacute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Post-Inflammation – there is a rapid division of cell growth which causes the synovium to thicken.
48
Q

What treatments are beneficial in the subacute stage of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Maintain or increase mobility, strength, and endurance
  • Maintain or increase functional abilities
  • Prevent deformity (splints and joint protection)
  • Develop problem-solving skills (energy conservation and joint protection)
49
Q

Explain the chronic stages of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Inflammation has subsided and joint deformity is evident
50
Q

What treatments are beneficial in the chronic stage of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Focus on long-term health and wellness

- Social opportunities are important to help build self-esteem & self-confidence

51
Q

What is the purpose of therapy and treatment for arthritis?

A
  • controlling the pain (pain management)

- improving function (moderate exercise)

52
Q

What is a good treatment plan for someone experiencing arthritis?

A
  • combination of medical guidance and self-management strategies
  • treatment Team Approach (PT, OT, ET, RT, & counselling)
53
Q

What are two important areas of education for those experiencing arthritis?

A
  • pain management & stress management

- joint care

54
Q

Why are pain management and stress management important?

A
  • needs to focus on learning to pace and prioritize tasks (relaxation training)
55
Q

Why is joint care important?

A
  • needs to be reinforced when participating in leisure and recreation (home & community)
56
Q

Why is counseling important?

A
  • helps to treat depression

- need a combination of education, social support and some form of physical activity (land or water based)

57
Q

What non-prescription medication can help treat arthritis?

A
  • Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, etc.
58
Q

What prescription medication can help treat arthritis?

A
  • Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), Corticosteroid Injections, etc.
59
Q

Why are medications helpful in treating arthritis?

A
  • given to control pain, stiffness and swelling (maybe slow down the disease)
60
Q

How can you decrease stress on joints?

A
  • Maintain good posture
  • Focus on proper alignment
  • Avoid overuse (joints and activities)
  • Avoid long periods – the same position
  • Change activities often
  • Use assistive devices as needed
61
Q

What does heat application help with in regard to arthritis?

A
  • Relieve Pain
  • Reduce Joint Stiffness
  • Relieve Muscle Spasms
62
Q

What does cold application help with in regard to arthritis?

A
  • Decrease Swelling
  • Decrease Pain
  • Constrict Blood Flow (inflamed joint)
63
Q

Why is physical activity helpful for those experiencing arthritis?

A
  • helps with ROM, normal movement of joints, muscle strength and preventing deformity
  • will help reduce pain, control weight, improve sleep and help maintain a positive attitude
64
Q

Why is rest beneficial for those experiencing arthritis?

A
  • gives the body time to refuel (control fatigue and reduce pain)
65
Q

What type of exercise is beneficial for those experiencing arthritis?

A
  • Range of motion exercises
  • Strengthening exercises
  • Endurance exercises
66
Q

Why are range of motion exercises beneficial?

A
  • relieve stiffness
  • relax muscles
  • increase blood flow
  • improve muscle balance and posture
  • improve function
67
Q

Why are strengthening exercises important?

A
  • increase muscle strength
  • increase joint support
  • improve ability to move
68
Q

Why are endurance exercises beneficial?

A
  • strengthen heart
  • increase energy
  • control weight
  • walking, swimming, cycling, tai chi, yoga.
69
Q

Why are leisure and community important?

A
  • leisure and recreation activities help reduce stress and maintain functional fitness
  • community involvement will increase a sense of belonging

KIN 341 - PHYSICAL DISABILITIES (5 decks)

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