Osteoporosis Flashcards
1
Q
Definition
A
Skeletal disorder characterised by decreasing bone mass
T score <2.5
2
Q
Pathology
A
Peak bone mass is attained by 30y then decreases
Decrease is accelerated in osteoporosis due to imbalanced bone metabolism
3
Q
Causes
A
=secondary osteoporosis Post menopausal oestrogen deficiency Corticosteroid excess Hyper T Hyper pT Malabsorption Osteomalacia Anorexia Hypogonadism RA IBD multiple myeloma
4
Q
Risk factors
A
Previous # FH Age Female Caucasian Early menopause Alcohol Smoking Late menarche Lack of exercise DM
5
Q
Clinical features
A
A symptomatic
Fragility # -> vertebral
Screening
6
Q
Investigations
A
X Ray-> osteopenic DEXA-> BMD in lumbar spine and proximal femur-> T score Exclude secondary causes Bone profile:-> normal -Ca -phosphate -ALP -PTH Vit D normal Renal function and LFTs
7
Q
Management- modification of risk factors
A
Vit D supplement Wt bearing exercises Healthy BMI Smoking cessation Decreased alcohol
8
Q
Managment- falls prevention
A
Drug review
Balance and exercise training
Walking aids
Home review
9
Q
Medical treatment
A
Bisphosphonates and Ca and Vit D -anti resorptive -GI intolerance Raloxifene-> post oestrogen oestrogen modulator Denosumab-> decrease ostoclastogenesis Treat cause
