Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis is trabecular (spongy) and cortical bone lose mass and interconnections despite normal bone mineralization and lab values.

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis is most commonly caused by increased bone resorption related to decrease in estrogen levels and old age.

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3
Q

What are secondary causes of osteoporosis?

A
  1. Drugs: steroids, alcohol, aniconvulsants, anticoagulants, thyroid replacement therapy
  2. hyperparathyroidism
  3. hyperthyroidism
  4. multiple myeloma
  5. malabsorptive syndromes
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4
Q

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

A

Osteoporosis is diagnosed by a bone mineral density scan (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry –> DEXA) with a T-score of less than or equal to -2.5 or by a fragility fracture of the hip/vertebra.

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5
Q

What can be done prophylactically to prevent osteoporosis?

A
  1. weight bearing exercises

2. adequate calcium and vitamin D intake throughout adulthood

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6
Q

What are treatment options for osteoporosis?

A
  1. bisphosphonates
  2. teriparatide
  3. SERMs
  4. Rarely calcitonin
  5. Denosumab –> monoclonal antibody against RANKL
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7
Q

What are complications of osteoporosis?

A

Vertebral compression fractures –> present with acute back pain, loss of height, kyphosis

Also can present with femoral neck or distal radius (Colles fracture)

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