osteoporosis Flashcards
secondary causes of osteoporosis
Chronic liver disease
* Renal disease
* Coeliac disease
RA
Types of osteoporosis
primary (Type I, Type II)
Secondary
features of Type I osteoporosis
Females
* Hormone-related
* Post menopausal
* Site - vertebrae
features of Type I osteoporosis
Females
* Hormone-related
* Post menopausal
* Site - vertebrae
features of Type II osteoporosis
M + F
age related
reduced osteoblast activity
reduced sunshine, Calcium, Vit D
parathyroid
features of seconadary osteoporosis
predisposed reduced bone density
nutrition
hormonal
drugs
disease
how is osteoporosis diagnosed
- Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) - 2.5 SD
- X-Ray (not useful, except to detect fractures)
- Ultrasound
- Bone scans
- Laboratory (blood) tests
Clinical features of osteoporosis
back pain
deformity
fracture - femoral neck, distal forearm, low thoracic, mid thoracic
kyphotic
loss of height
groups at risk of osteoporosis
elderly
fallers
women
at what age does consolidation complete
30
meds of osteoporosis
anti resorptive med
biphosphonates, denosumab, raloxifene
anabolic bone forms - teriparatide, romosozumab
osteomalacia
rickets
soft bones
deficiency D and phosphates
inadequate mineralisation
causes of osteomalacia
Vit d deficiency
immobility
malabsorption
renal disease
clinical features of ostemalacia
bone deformity
diffuse bone
muscle pain
fatigue
proximal myopathy
diagnosis of osteomalacia
bone biopsy
biochemistry
X Ray
