Osteopathic History

Question 1

Joseph Lister

Answer 1

Father of antiseptic surgery

Reduced surgical mortality from 45-15%

Question 2

Ingaz Semmelweiss

Answer 2

Decreased mortality in obstetrical clincs by 90% through hand washing
Died from infection

Question 3

John Snow

Answer 3

Used epidemiology to trace source of Cholera outbreak in London in 1854

Question 4

William Budd

Answer 4

Used epidemiology to prove cholera came from contaminated water source in Bristol

Question 5

Nils Finsen

Answer 5

Used UV light in medicine

Question 6

Wilhelm Rontgen

Answer 6

First to systematically study X-rays

Question 7

William Halstead

Answer 7

First used sterile rubber gloves in surgery in 1890

Question 8

What was heroic medicine?

Answer 8

Goal was to preserve the life source and conquer disease through enough force or drugs so that it would cast out the demons
Tx: stimulants if pt drowsy, hypnotics if pt agitated, purgatives (laxatives), cathartics (stool softeners) and blood letting

Question 9

When was Andrew Taylor Still born?

Answer 9

Aug 6 1828 in Lee County, Virginia

Question 10

What did AT Still create in 1839?

Answer 10

A rope swing to treat his HAs

Question 11

How did AT Still complete his medical training?

Answer 11

Studied medicine and ministry from his father 
Medical training was primarily apprenticeship with little formal class time

Question 12

What events took place in 1864 in AT Still’s life?

Answer 12

Three of his children died from spinal meningitis and another one died from pneumonia a month later
He returns home to the farm from war and begins to formulate his ideas on changes for medicine

Question 13

What occurred at 10am on June 22, 1874?

Answer 13

AT Still flung the banner of osteopathy to the breeze

Question 14

When and where did the first osteopathic tx occur?

Answer 14

1874 in Macon, MO

Question 15

When did AT Still coin the term osteopathy?

Answer 15

1885

Question 16

What opened in 1892?

Answer 16

American School of Osteopathy with a total of 22 students (17M and 5F)

Question 17

What are the 4 osteopathic principles?

Answer 17

1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit
2. The body is capable of self regulation, self healing and health maintenance
3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
4. Rational tx is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation and the interrelationship of structure and function

Question 18

What state was the first to legally license DOs?

Answer 18

Vermont in 1896 with MO following in 1897

Question 19

The Flexner Report

Answer 19

Dr. Abraham Flexner traveled to all med schools in the US and made a report of the state of the medical education
Harsh criticism of both MD and DO schools
Encouraged clinical rotations
Many med schools closed or merged and 8 DO schools remained after the report
Licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements

Question 20

What university was established in 1916?

Answer 20

Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery

Question 21

Influenza Pandemic

Answer 21

1917-1918
30 million died worldwide in 6mo
500 million people infected

Question 22

What did the Journal of Osteopathy publish in Feb 1919?

Answer 22

A case study of influenza and pneumonia which showed that the death rate was only 0.25% with osteopathic care and 10% without it

Question 23

When did Congress legalize DOs to serve in civil service and armed forces?

Answer 23

1957 but it was unnoticed for 9 years

Question 24

What occurred in 1966?

Answer 24

Secretary of Defense directs Navy, Army and Air Force to accept DOs that volunteer as officers with Harry J Walter being the first commissioned DO

Question 25

Explain the California Incident

Answer 25

In 1961 a public referendum prohibited the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state
DOs who agreed to the change could get an MD by taking classes and paying $65
85% of practicing DOs traded in their DO degrees for MDs (which weren’t recognized outside of Ca)
COPS was converted to an allopathic school which showed how equal the programs really were
A year later proposition 22 passed and abolished the osteopathic licensing board
In 1974 Ca Supreme Court ruled that licensing of DOs in that state must be resumed
*catalyst for obtaining full practice rights in all 50 states)

Question 26

What did KCCOS change their name to in 1980?

Answer 26

University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine

Question 27

Jeanette Bolles, DO

Answer 27

First woman to receive the DO degree

Question 28

Louisa Burns 1870-1958

Answer 28

Teacher from Indiana
Had spinal meningitis that was successful tx with OMM
Published several books, worked in histology and postulated the CT model of somatic dysfunction
Award exists that’s named after her

Question 29

Mamie Johnston 1889-1986

Answer 29

First graduate rom KCCOS (1917)

1919 Joined KCU faculty and retired in 1981 (at 92y/o)

Question 30

Barbara Ross-Lee

Answer 30

First female Dean of a medical college

First DO to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship

Question 31

Marcelino Oliva 1935-2011

Answer 31

Cuban born
KCU alum
First minority AOA president in 1988-1989

Question 32

William G Anderson 1927-

Answer 32

Associate dean at KCOM

Involved in the civil rights movement