Osteopathic History Flashcards
Joseph Lister
Father of antiseptic surgery
Reduced surgical mortality from 45-15%
Ingaz Semmelweiss
Decreased mortality in obstetrical clincs by 90% through hand washing
Died from infection
John Snow
Used epidemiology to trace source of Cholera outbreak in London in 1854
William Budd
Used epidemiology to prove cholera came from contaminated water source in Bristol
Nils Finsen
Used UV light in medicine
Wilhelm Rontgen
First to systematically study X-rays
William Halstead
First used sterile rubber gloves in surgery in 1890
What was heroic medicine?
Goal was to preserve the life source and conquer disease through enough force or drugs so that it would cast out the demons
Tx: stimulants if pt drowsy, hypnotics if pt agitated, purgatives (laxatives), cathartics (stool softeners) and blood letting
When was Andrew Taylor Still born?
Aug 6 1828 in Lee County, Virginia
What did AT Still create in 1839?
A rope swing to treat his HAs
How did AT Still complete his medical training?
Studied medicine and ministry from his father Medical training was primarily apprenticeship with little formal class time
What events took place in 1864 in AT Still’s life?
Three of his children died from spinal meningitis and another one died from pneumonia a month later
He returns home to the farm from war and begins to formulate his ideas on changes for medicine
What occurred at 10am on June 22, 1874?
AT Still flung the banner of osteopathy to the breeze
When and where did the first osteopathic tx occur?
1874 in Macon, MO
When did AT Still coin the term osteopathy?
1885
What opened in 1892?
American School of Osteopathy with a total of 22 students (17M and 5F)
What are the 4 osteopathic principles?
- The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit
- The body is capable of self regulation, self healing and health maintenance
- Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- Rational tx is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation and the interrelationship of structure and function
What state was the first to legally license DOs?
Vermont in 1896 with MO following in 1897
The Flexner Report
Dr. Abraham Flexner traveled to all med schools in the US and made a report of the state of the medical education
Harsh criticism of both MD and DO schools
Encouraged clinical rotations
Many med schools closed or merged and 8 DO schools remained after the report
Licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements
What university was established in 1916?
Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery
Influenza Pandemic
1917-1918
30 million died worldwide in 6mo
500 million people infected
What did the Journal of Osteopathy publish in Feb 1919?
A case study of influenza and pneumonia which showed that the death rate was only 0.25% with osteopathic care and 10% without it
When did Congress legalize DOs to serve in civil service and armed forces?
1957 but it was unnoticed for 9 years
What occurred in 1966?
Secretary of Defense directs Navy, Army and Air Force to accept DOs that volunteer as officers with Harry J Walter being the first commissioned DO
Explain the California Incident
In 1961 a public referendum prohibited the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state
DOs who agreed to the change could get an MD by taking classes and paying $65
85% of practicing DOs traded in their DO degrees for MDs (which weren’t recognized outside of Ca)
COPS was converted to an allopathic school which showed how equal the programs really were
A year later proposition 22 passed and abolished the osteopathic licensing board
In 1974 Ca Supreme Court ruled that licensing of DOs in that state must be resumed
*catalyst for obtaining full practice rights in all 50 states)
What did KCCOS change their name to in 1980?
University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
Jeanette Bolles, DO
First woman to receive the DO degree
Louisa Burns 1870-1958
Teacher from Indiana
Had spinal meningitis that was successful tx with OMM
Published several books, worked in histology and postulated the CT model of somatic dysfunction
Award exists that’s named after her
Mamie Johnston 1889-1986
First graduate rom KCCOS (1917)
1919 Joined KCU faculty and retired in 1981 (at 92y/o)
Barbara Ross-Lee
First female Dean of a medical college
First DO to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship
Marcelino Oliva 1935-2011
Cuban born
KCU alum
First minority AOA president in 1988-1989
William G Anderson 1927-
Associate dean at KCOM
Involved in the civil rights movement
