Motion Dynamics Flashcards
What is a plane?
A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie
What is an axis?
A straight line around which an object rotates
What are the three types of planes?
Coronal/frontal/lateral
Sagittal/antero-posterior
Horizontal/transverse
Coronal/frontal/lateral plane
Bisects the body into front and back halves
Allows for flexion and extension
Sagittal/antero-posterior plane
Bisects the body into right and left halves
Allows for side bending, abduction and adduction
Horizontal/transverse plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior halves
Allows for rotation
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous (skull articulations)
Cartilaginous (discs between vertebrae)
Synovial (6 types - extremities)
How is ROM often measured?
In degrees
Most joints have a primary motion in one
Plane with smaller motions in the other two planes
What are the three components to ROM?
Direction, range and quality
Direction
Flexion, extension, side bending and rotation
Range
Actual measurement of ROM in degrees
Quality of ROM can be characterized by what?
Smooth - normal
Ratcheting - ex. Parkinson’s disease
Restricted - contracture or somatic dysfunction
Exhibiting resistance to the motion induced - cerebral palsy
What are the different types of end feel of ROM?
Elastic, abrupt, hard, empty, and crisp
Elastic end feel of ROM
Like a rubber band
Abrupt end feel of ROM
Osteoarthritis or hinge joint
Hard end feel of ROM
Somatic dysfunction
Empty end feel of ROM
Stops due to guarding (pt doesnt allow the motion due to pain)
Crisp end feel of ROM
Involuntary muscle guarding as in pinched nerve
Occasionally when a pt has a ROM in somatic dysfunction then you can observe a
Shift of their midline
Flexibility is the
range of motion in a joint or group of joints or the ability to move joints effectively through a complete ROM
What are the two types of flexibility?
Static and dynamic
Static flexibility
Maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force
Dynamic flexibility
ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which they can produce it
What is stiffness?
Reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints
The spine is a complicated system of
Articulations and bony segments that serves to protect the spinal cord while providing a basic support axis for the upper body
What makes up a functional unit?
Two vertebrae, their associated disc, neurovascular and other soft tissues
What portion of the spine displays the greatest motion?
Cervical spine (Concept of the structure and motion of spinal segments differing substantially over the entire spinal column)
What is coupled motion?
Consistent application of a motion along or about one axis with another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occurring as well.
Ex: flexing and rotating the trunk at the same time
What is linkage?
The relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
By linking multiple structures together you will get increased ROM
Ex. Shoulder-spine or spine-hip/pelvis
Specific joint assessment requires
Joint isolation for accurate measurement and evaluation
Functional assessment of a joint may assess
Linkage
Motion can be tested at
One segment or globally to include surrounding segments or regions
Motion dynamics of skeletal dysfunction
Hard end point
Ex: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and somatic dysfunction
(All the same for arthrodial dysfunction as well)
Motion dynamics of myofascial dysfunction
Tight, elastic end point
Ex: scar tissue and somatic dysfunction
Motion dynamics of vascular dysfunction
Empty end feel
Ex: peripheral vascular disease, thoracic outlet syndrome and somatic dysfunction
Motion dynamics of lymphatic dysfunction
Empty or boggy end feel
Ex: lymphedema, visceral dysfunction like CHF, acute injury like a sprained ankle, and somatic dysfunction
Motion dynamics of neural dysfunction
Crisp or empty end feel
Ex: herniated disc, thoracic outlet syndrome, and somatic dysfunction
