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Anatomy Exam III > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertibrae are there?

A

12-7=5

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar, Sacral, and Coxxyx

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2
Q

What are the classical (common on all types) features of vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body (anterior)
Vertebral foramen
Transverse processes (on the side)
Spinous process (posterior)
Lamina (bar of bone that connect spinous process to transverse process)
Peticle (bar of bone that connects the transverse process to the vertebral body)
Superior articular facet (facing posteriorily)
Inferior articular facet (facing inferiorily)

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3
Q

What are the distinguishing features for all types of vertebrae?

A

Cervicle: transverse foramen, bifid spinous processes, cupped vertebral bodies

Thoracic: costal(superior, inferior, and transverse) facets, intervertebral foramen

Lumbar: mamillary process, no costal facets or transverse facets, larger in size

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4
Q

Name the structure that travels through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral artery

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5
Q

What are the unique cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 (Atlas), C2 (Axis), and C7

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6
Q

What are the distinguishing features between C1, C2, and C7

A

C1:

  • no vertebral body
  • 3 facets:
    • superior (occipital bone)
    • inferior
    • facet for the dens

C2:

  • bar of bone on the anterior surface (dens)
  • anterior facet on the dens
  • superior facet
C7: 
-vertebral prominence (back of the neck, little bump)
-non bifid spinous process 
-cupped vertebral body 
-
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7
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?

  • vertebral prominence (back of the neck, little bump)
  • non bifid spinous process
  • cupped vertebral body
A

C7 (cervical vertebrae)

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8
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?

  • bar of bone on the anterior surface (dens)
  • anterior facet on the dens
  • superior facet
A

C2 Axis

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9
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?

  • no vertebral body
  • 3 facets:
    • superior (occipital bone)
    • inferior
    • facet for the dens
A

C1 Atlas

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10
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?

  • transverse foramen for the vertebral artery
  • bifid spinous processes
  • cupped vertebral body
A

Cervical Vertebrae

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11
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?

  • superior costal facet
  • inferior costal facet
  • transverse costal facet
  • intervertebral foramen
A

Thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

How many costal facets would T10 have ?

A

Two, because rib 10 only articulates at one spot on its vertebrae. So no superior/inferior costal facet, just one costal facet and one transverse costal facet

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13
Q

Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?

  • mammillary process
  • larger size/shape
  • no costal facets or transverse costal facets
A

Lumbar vertebrae

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14
Q

If I had rib #5, how would articulate with T4 and T5

A

It would articulate with the superior costal facet of T5, and the inferior costal facet of T4 and then the transverse costal facet of T5.

This is because rib X articulates with superior costal facet of TX, inferior costal facet of T(X-1), and the transverse costal facet of TX

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15
Q

If I had rib #8 how would it articulate with T7 and T8

A

It would articulate with the superior costal facet of T8, and the inferior costal facet of T7 and then the transverse costal facet of T8.

This is because rib X articulates with superior costal facet of TX, inferior costal facet of T(X-1), and the transverse costal facet of TX

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16
Q

How many ribs are there and how many intercostal spaces are there?

A

There are 12 ribs and 11 intercostal spaces

17
Q

What is the distinguishing factor for Typical vs. Atypical Ribs, and True, False and Floating Ribs.

A

Typical vs. Atypical Ribs refer to how they are structured and whether they are patterned like normal ribs.

True, False, and Floating Ribs refer to whether or not the rib attaches to the sternum via its own costal cartilage, via sharing costal cartilage with other ribs, or not attaching to the sternum at all.

18
Q

What classifies a rib as a typical rib?

A

Ribs 3-9
Features:
-head with 2 articular facets for the inferior and superior costal facets of the vertebrae
-neck that is pinched in
-tubercle with 1 articular facet for the transverse costal facet
-a shaft
-an inferior costal groove
-and an impression for the costal cartilage

19
Q

Which of the ribs are typical?

A

Ribs 3-9

20
Q

Which of the ribs are atypical?

A

Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

21
Q

What are the distinguishing features for the atypical ribs?

A

Ribs 1:

  • raptors claw
  • scalene tubercle
  • anterior/posterior groove to the scalene tubercle for the subclavian vein and artery
  • 1 articular facet

Ribs 2:

  • shorter, more curved
  • flatter shaft

Rib 10
-only 1 articular facet on the head

Rib 11-12:

  • much straighter, short
  • no attachment to the sternum
  • no tubercle and less defined neck
22
Q

Which rib does this describe?

  • raptors claw
  • scalene tubercle
  • anterior/posterior groove to the scalene tubercle for the subclavian vein and artery
  • 1 articular facet
A

Rib 1

23
Q

Which rib does this describe?

  • shorter, more curved
  • flatter shaft
A

Rib 2

24
Q

Which rib does this describe?

-only 1 articular facet on the head

A

Rib 10

25
Q

Which rib does this describe?

  • much straighter, short
  • no attachment to the sternum
  • no tubercle and less defined neck
A

Ribs 11-12

26
Q

What classifies a rib as true, false, or floating?

A

True ribs: 1-7, these ribs all individually articulate with the sternum via the costal cartilage

False Ribs: 8-10: these ribs share cartilage to attach at the sternum

Floating Ribs: 11-12 These ribs do not attach to the sternum

27
Q

Classify each rib as atypical/typical AND true/floating/free?

A 
Typical: 3-9 
Atypical: 1, 2, 10, 11, 12 
True: 1-7 
False: 8-10 
Floating: 11-12

Anatomy Exam III (8 decks)

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