Osteology Flashcards
How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertibrae are there?
12-7=5
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar, Sacral, and Coxxyx
What are the classical (common on all types) features of vertebrae?
Vertebral body (anterior)
Vertebral foramen
Transverse processes (on the side)
Spinous process (posterior)
Lamina (bar of bone that connect spinous process to transverse process)
Peticle (bar of bone that connects the transverse process to the vertebral body)
Superior articular facet (facing posteriorily)
Inferior articular facet (facing inferiorily)
What are the distinguishing features for all types of vertebrae?
Cervicle: transverse foramen, bifid spinous processes, cupped vertebral bodies
Thoracic: costal(superior, inferior, and transverse) facets, intervertebral foramen
Lumbar: mamillary process, no costal facets or transverse facets, larger in size
Name the structure that travels through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?
Vertebral artery
What are the unique cervical vertebrae?
C1 (Atlas), C2 (Axis), and C7
What are the distinguishing features between C1, C2, and C7
C1:
- no vertebral body
- 3 facets:
- superior (occipital bone)
- inferior
- facet for the dens
C2:
- bar of bone on the anterior surface (dens)
- anterior facet on the dens
- superior facet
C7: -vertebral prominence (back of the neck, little bump) -non bifid spinous process -cupped vertebral body -
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?
- vertebral prominence (back of the neck, little bump)
- non bifid spinous process
- cupped vertebral body
C7 (cervical vertebrae)
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?
- bar of bone on the anterior surface (dens)
- anterior facet on the dens
- superior facet
C2 Axis
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describe the following?
- no vertebral body
- 3 facets:
- superior (occipital bone)
- inferior
- facet for the dens
C1 Atlas
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?
- transverse foramen for the vertebral artery
- bifid spinous processes
- cupped vertebral body
Cervical Vertebrae
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?
- superior costal facet
- inferior costal facet
- transverse costal facet
- intervertebral foramen
Thoracic vertebrae
How many costal facets would T10 have ?
Two, because rib 10 only articulates at one spot on its vertebrae. So no superior/inferior costal facet, just one costal facet and one transverse costal facet
Which of the types of vertebrae accurately describes the following?
- mammillary process
- larger size/shape
- no costal facets or transverse costal facets
Lumbar vertebrae
If I had rib #5, how would articulate with T4 and T5
It would articulate with the superior costal facet of T5, and the inferior costal facet of T4 and then the transverse costal facet of T5.
This is because rib X articulates with superior costal facet of TX, inferior costal facet of T(X-1), and the transverse costal facet of TX
If I had rib #8 how would it articulate with T7 and T8
It would articulate with the superior costal facet of T8, and the inferior costal facet of T7 and then the transverse costal facet of T8.
This is because rib X articulates with superior costal facet of TX, inferior costal facet of T(X-1), and the transverse costal facet of TX
How many ribs are there and how many intercostal spaces are there?
There are 12 ribs and 11 intercostal spaces
What is the distinguishing factor for Typical vs. Atypical Ribs, and True, False and Floating Ribs.
Typical vs. Atypical Ribs refer to how they are structured and whether they are patterned like normal ribs.
True, False, and Floating Ribs refer to whether or not the rib attaches to the sternum via its own costal cartilage, via sharing costal cartilage with other ribs, or not attaching to the sternum at all.
What classifies a rib as a typical rib?
Ribs 3-9
Features:
-head with 2 articular facets for the inferior and superior costal facets of the vertebrae
-neck that is pinched in
-tubercle with 1 articular facet for the transverse costal facet
-a shaft
-an inferior costal groove
-and an impression for the costal cartilage
Which of the ribs are typical?
Ribs 3-9
Which of the ribs are atypical?
Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11, 12
What are the distinguishing features for the atypical ribs?
Ribs 1:
- raptors claw
- scalene tubercle
- anterior/posterior groove to the scalene tubercle for the subclavian vein and artery
- 1 articular facet
Ribs 2:
- shorter, more curved
- flatter shaft
Rib 10
-only 1 articular facet on the head
Rib 11-12:
- much straighter, short
- no attachment to the sternum
- no tubercle and less defined neck
Which rib does this describe?
- raptors claw
- scalene tubercle
- anterior/posterior groove to the scalene tubercle for the subclavian vein and artery
- 1 articular facet
Rib 1
Which rib does this describe?
- shorter, more curved
- flatter shaft
Rib 2
Which rib does this describe?
-only 1 articular facet on the head
Rib 10
