Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What is the order and location of the organs of the digestive tract? (mouth to rectum)
mouth -> pharynx –> esophogus –> stomach –> duodenum –> jejunum –> illium –> cecum –> ascending colon –> hepatic flexure –> transverse colon –> splenic flexure –> descending colon –> sigmoid colon –> rectum
Describe the esophagus, including its function and location and muscular components?
Esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach and is used to pass food into the digestive tract. The upper 1/3 of the esophagus is skeletal m (voluntary control), the middle 1/3 of the esophagus is 1/2 skeletal m (voluntary control) and 1/2 smooth muscle (involuntary control), and the most distal part of the esophagus is smooth muscle (involuntary)
What are the three constrictions of the esophagus?
The three constrictions of the esophagus are:
- Cervical constrictions (at the level of the cricoid cartilage)
- thoracic constrictions (at the level of the aortic arch)
- abdominal constrictions (at the level of the esophageal hiatus)
Describe the esophageal junction?
The esophageal junction is a jagged line where the mucosa abruptly changes from esophageal mucosa to gastric mucosa. It is separated grossly at the level of the diaphragm and a line, the Z-line, is used to show the separation between the two
What are the anatomical components of the stomach?
Did you mention: esophagus, cardia, cardiac notch, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, lesser curvature, and greater curvature, and then gastric ruggae (interior)
List the components of the small intestine and the colon
Small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ilium, iliocecal valve
Colon: iliocecal valve, cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
How can you distinguish between a small intestine and a large intestine grossly?
- Picture frame (colon) and the picture (small intestine)
- Large intestine: omental appendages (epiploic fat), tenia coli, haustra
- Small intestines: smooth and continuous
What is the arterial supply of the stomach? Be sure to say where they come off of
All of them come from the celiac trunk.
Cardia/fundus: short and the posterior gastric arteries (come off of the splenic artery)
Lesser curvature: right gastric artery (proper hepatic a) left gastric (celiac trunk)
Greater curvature: right gastro-omental a (gastroduodenal a, which comes off of the common hepatic artery) and the left gastro-omental a (splenic artery)
What are three main (come off of the aorta) arterial supply for the abdomen, and what do they supply?
Celiac trunk: stomach, liver, distal esophogus, pancreas, duodenum
Superior Mesenteric Artery: inferior pancreas, small intestine, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: rest of the colon, and top 1/3 of the rectum
What are the branches of the celiac trunk? Probably should draw it out so you know what they supply too.
Celiac Trunk Main Branches: left gastric, splenic, common hepatic
Left Gastric a.:
-esophageal branches
Splenic a.:
- pancreatic branches
- short gastric a
- posterior gastric a
- left gastro-omental a.
Common Hepatic:
- Gastoduodenal a:
- superior pacreaticoduodenal a.
- right gastro-omental a. - Proper Hepatic:
- right gastric a.
- left hepatic a.
- right hepatic a.- cystic a.
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a, ileal branches, jejeunal branches, right colic a., middle colic a., iliocolic a.
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
left colic a., sigmoid branches, superior rectal a.
What does the marginal artery connect and where?
It connects the SMA with the IMA at the transverse colon area
What are the two venous systems for the abdomen?
- Systemic venous system
2. Portal (hepatic system)
What is the hepatic portal system?
Blood from the lower esophogus –> rectum (upper 1/3) and the spleen goes to the liver for processing (metabolizing) before going to the heart
