Lungs Flashcards
What is the phenomena that occurs during inspiration?
Increasing the space in the thoracic cavity as to cause the lungs to inflate and expand with air. The diagram pushes down and the ribs push the chest wall out
What is the phenomena that occurs during expiration?
Decreasing the space in the thoracic cavity as to cause the lungs to deflate and expel air. The diagram goes back up and the ribs go down as to decrease the space in the thoracic cavity
What muscles are involved in regular inspiration?
diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles
What muscles are involved in forced inpiration
diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, AND accessory neck muscles
What muscles are involved in regular expiration?
None, because regular expiration is a passive process
What muscles are involved in forced expiration?
abdominal muscles, internal/innermost intercostal muscles
Describe the branching of the trachea?
trachea –> carina –> left primary/right primary bronchus –> left has two secondary bronchi, while the right has three (one for each lobe)
Why is it easier to aspirate in the right lung vs. the left lung?
The branching of the bronchi in the right lung is shorter, wider, and more vertical, so it is easier for food and other substances to get lodged there and cause aspiration.
True or False. Each lobe has a tertiary bronchus and their own blood supply, which makes it easier to remove parts of a segment, a whole segment, or a lobe, because they function independently of each other
True.
What is the difference between the thyroid, cricoid, and the tracheal cartilage?
Anatomy:
- thyroid cartilage: does not extend all the way around, but rather is held together by skeletal muscle posteriorly and it also houses the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
- Cricoid cartilage: extends all the way around, and is not connected posteriorly by skeletal muscle
- Trachea: does not extend all the way around, and is held together by skeletal muscle posteriorly
List the order that the thyrooid, trachea, carina, and cricoid appear in the body, from most superior to most inferior?
thyroid cartilage –> cricoid cartilage –> trachea –> carina –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> alveoli (gas exchange site)
What is pneumothorax, its clinical implications, and treatment options?
Pneumothorax is any excess accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. It causes the collapse of lungs, and treatment is to insert a chest tube at the superior rib border (so as to avoid the intercostal VAN)
What is pleural effusion, its clinical implications, and its treatment options?
Pleural effusion is any excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. It causes a compression of the lungs, and its treatment is to drain the fluid our of the cavity space, also at the superior border of the rib as to avoid the VAN)
How does the X-ray image of the pneumothorax and pleural effusion differ?
In pneumothorax, there is a collapsed lung, with a lot of black space (excess air). In pleural effusion, there is a smaller lung, but a lot of white space (excess fluid)
Why is it important to treat pleural effusion or a pneumothorax with an insertion at the superior border of the rib>
The intercostal VAN lies on the inferior border of the rib, in the costal ridge, so applying it at the superior border of the rib avoids interfering with these muscles
