Abdomen and Anterolateral Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the function of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 1

protect the abdominal viscera, assist in forced expiration, assist in any action that increases intrabdominal pressure (farting, coughing, pooping ect.)

Question 2

Layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 2

skin –> camper’s fascia –> scarpa’s fascia –> external oblique –> internal oblique –> transverse abdominus –> transversalis fascia –> extraperitoneal fat –> parietal pleura

Question 3

Where do the apernosus of the three flat muscles join?

Answer 3

The external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus all have apernosus that meet at the rectus sheath, which is posterior and anterior to the rectus abdominus

Question 4

Describe the rectus sheath formation above the arcuate line

Answer 4

Anterior: external oblique apernosus and 1/2 of the internal oblique apernosus

Posterior: 1/2 of the internal oblique apernosus and the transverse abdominis apernosus

Question 5

Describe the rectus sheath formation below the arcuate line

Answer 5

Anterior: all three of the apernosus (external/internal oblique and transverse dominus)

Posterior: trick question, there is no apernosus on the posterior side

Question 6

What vessel enters and pierces the rectus abdominus because of the opening provided by the arcuate line

Answer 6

inferior epigastric artery

Question 7

What are the Muscles, fiber direction, and location of the muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 7

Layer 1: External Oblique

• contralateral rotation (fibers start at ribs and attach at ASIS)
• hands in pocket (inferomedial)

Layer 2: Internal Oblique

• ipsilateral rotation (fibers start at the ASIS and attach at ribs)
• superomedial

Layer 3: Transverse abdominus
-support and flat tummy

Layer 4: Rectus Abdominus
-Support and vertical fiber direction

Question 8

List the nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 8

1. thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
2. Subcostal Nerves (ventral rami T12)
3. Iliohypogastric (L1)
4. Ilioinguinal (L1)

Question 9

I 8 10 eggs at 12

Answer 9

Openings of the diagphragm:

Caval opening:

• IVC
• Level T8

Esophogeal hiatus:

• Esophogus and vagus nerves
• Level T10

Aortic (T12)
-Aorta and the Thoracic Duct.

Question 10

What are the three umbilical folds, how many of them, what did they do/cover up?

Answer 10

Umbilical folds are basically folds of parietal peritineum.

a. Median Umbilical fold (x1)
- covers the median umbilical ligament, which is a remnant of the urachus, which is the fibrous remnant of the allantois (canal that drained the fetus bladder)

b. Medial Umbilical fold (x2)
- covers the medial umbilical ligaments, which is a remnant of the umbilical arteries, which carried deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

c. Lateral umbilical folds (x2)
- cover the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 11

How did the nine regions of the stomach come about? The 4 regions of the stomach?

Answer 11

Nine Regions:

• two vertical lines at the level of the clavicle
• one horizontal line at the costal region
• one horizontal line at the ASIS pelvis

Four Regions

• Umbillicus (belly button) level of L3-L4
• Draw a line down the median and lateral from the umbillicus

Question 12

Put these organs in their proper quandrant (Four Regions model)

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, colon, small intestine, stomach, appendix, spleen, kidney, bladder

Answer 12

google a picture and see if you’re right (laziness)

Question 13

Significance of the peritoneum and peritoneal fluid

Answer 13

Peritoneum: serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic caviety
peritoneal sac: parietal, visceral, and mesentery
Peritoneal fluid: serous fluid that allows the organs to glide across the other

Question 14

Intraperitoneal vs. Retroperitoneal organs

Answer 14

Intraperitoneal: organs are fully engulfed by peritineum
-stomach, liver, spleen, tail of the pancreas, 1st part of the deuodenum, jejunum, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

Retroperitoneal: organs are not fully engulfed by the peritinium
-supradrenal glands, aorta and IVC, duodenum (2-4), pancreas, ureters, ascending/descending colon, kidneys, esophogus, proximal 1/3 of the rectum

Question 15

Where is the lesser sac? greater sac? Messentery?

Answer 15

Lesser sac: lesser curvature of the stomach, liver, and duodenum

Greater sac: greater curvature, and it hangs off and doesn’t connect

Messentery: connects the Small intestine and suspends itself on the abdominal posterior wall