Osteoarthritis Flashcards
what is OA ?
trauma and mechanical imbalance
inflammation and pain
repair process
what are risk factors for OA ?
abnormal anatomy intra-articular fracture ligament rupture meniscal tear occupation - farmers, footballers, runners, heavy physical activity obesity female
what are feature of inflammation in OA ?
synovial hypertrophy
subchondral changes
joint effusion
what are the biochemical mediators of OA ?
IL-1B
TNF-a
MMPs
what are the diagnostic criteria for OA ?
45+
activity related joint pain
either NO morning stiffness OR morning stiffness lasting <30 mins
what are red flags in diagnosing OA ?
trauma
prolonged morning-related stiffness
rapid deterioration of symptoms
hot, swollen joints
what are the differential diagnosis of OA ?
gout
other inflammatory arthritis
septic arthritis
malignancy
what are the symptoms of OA ?
pain - associated with activity
decreased ROM
bony changes
what are the investigations for OA ?
Xray
what are the 4 features of OA on an X-ray ?
osteophytes
loss of joint space
sub-chondral sclerosis
cysts
how is OA managed ?
analgesia and non-pharma treatment - weight loss
steroid injection
when should surgery be considered with OA ?
substantial impact on QOL
refractory to non-surgical treatment
