osteoarthritis 4/8-4/10 Flashcards
most common joint disease in north america
osteoarthritis (OA)
is OA age related?
no, it is not normal aging
progression and stats of OA
- cartilage destruction by age 20-50
- no S&S until age 50-60
- 50% of adults have it by age 65
- before age 50, men more likely
- after age 50, women more likely
risk factors for OA
aging
- menopause
obesity
cartilage damage
causes for cartilage damage
trauma (dislocation/fx)
uneven stress on cartilage
repetitive mechanical stress
inflammation/hemoarthrosis
neuropathy
skeletal deformities
S&S of OA
pain
- relieved by rest early on
deformities*
stiffness in joints
crepitation
deformities caused by OA
Herbeden’s nodes
- nodules in distal finger knuckles
Bouchard’s nodes
- nodules in proximal finger knuckles
OA dx
X-ray
CT or MRI
synovial fluid analysis (not as often)
nonpharm tx
- no real cure only symptom management
- rest and joint protection
- heat and cold application
pharm tx
NSAIDS, salicylates
topical creams
corticosteroids (inj or PO)
surgical tx
joint replacement
fall stats
in elderly, 95% of hip fractures are from a fall
- up 37% die within a year
types of hip fractures
intracapsular and extracapsular
intracapsular hip fractures usually due to…
osteoporosis
“fragility fracture”
extracapsular hip fx usually due to…
trauma or fall
can be intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric
common things to see in a hip fx
hematoma->callus->bone
- external rotation of foot
- shortening of affected leg
- pain and tenderness
- inability to bear weight
- muscle spasms
treatment options for hip fx
- bucks traction (temp)
- closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP)
- ORIF
- hip replacement
bucks traction
immobilizes extremity and relieves muscle spasms
- used for 24-48 hours
- weights must be hanging in air
- do neuro checks A LOT
- assess pressure points
CRPP what is it
use of plates or screws to hold fix in place done via minimally invasive sx
types of hip replacement
partial: just ball
total: ball and socket
arthroscopy define
viewing of a joint
arthroplasty define
reconstruction or replacement of joint
hemiarthroplasty
partial joint replacement
cementless hip arthroplasty is better for…
younger people
